Jenkins' Deliberations on Communal Conflict with the Leaders of Punjab: 1946-47 (Part-I)

Bhim Sen Sacher informed Jenkins about the destruction caused by arson in Lahore. Akbari Mandi, Chune Mandi, Chauhatta Basti, Bhagat Singh Basti, Kucha Kagzian and Pipal Vehra had been burnt down. The fire brigade could not cope with those vast and dispersed areas. If someone tried to extinguish the fire he was shot at by the police. Bhim Sen Sachar suggested that the only way to save Lahore was to impose martial law in the city. He hoped that the Governor would take that step immediately.64 Jenkins thanked Lala Bhim Sen Sachar and Gokul for their letters informing him about Lahore. Jenkins explained that fire brigade had done a good job in spite of constraints and difficulties. He believed that all communities had access to incendiary materials, and could use it without detection by traversing joined roof-tops. Throwing fire-balls from one house to another was wreaking devastation. Checking trouble of that kind was not an easy job, but searches were carried out and culprits were arrested.6

Rights of Prisoners: A Camparative Study of Shariah & Law With Special Reference to Pakistani Statutes and Case Law

Though the essential concept of rights may transform for prisoners however the prison walls do not keep the fundamental rights altogether out. The transformation of concepts of rights though subtracts several liberties however grants certain special rights to the inmates. This research is an attempt to explore those rights in a thematic way. In this regard, the first category relates to the right to avail ‘alternative strategies to imprisonment’ or ‘non custodial methods’. These methods are not very popular in Pakistani criminal justice system. The primary reason for this resistant attitude is that the out-dated laws offer extremely weak surveillance and monitoring mechanisms to support these methods/ alternative strategies. Therefore most of the times the system while failing to trust these mechanisms rules out the possibility to employ these strategies. Resultantly the detainee/offender gets affected. Chapter II, III and IV of this research particularly provide a discussion on pre-trial/pre-sentencing, post-trial/sentencing and post-sentencing non-custodial methods respectively. The second thematic category relates to the ‘rights of reformation of inmates during imprisonment’. In this regard, Chapter V specifically deals with the rights of prisoners captivated under terrorism charges. These prisoners face inequitable attitude not only during the trial but also in post-conviction scenario. This Chapter is a statutory and judicial scrutiny of the matter which provides recommendations to solve the issue. Chapter VI is a thorough discussion on the right of reformation and rehabilitation, the relevant available strategies to ensure this right in Pakistan, their reasons of failure and the suggestions for improvement. The next category relates to the post-imprisonment rights of ex-prisoners with specific reference to the ‘right of repatriation’. Chapter VII highlights the current statutory position with relation to the ex-prisoners/convicts in Pakistan. It suggests the remedies in the light of English statutory mechanisms to deal with the issue. vii Chapter VIII is a comparative study of the modern viewpoint on above-cited rights with the Islamic perspective. This Chapter concludes that the basic concepts of nearly all the modern rights and the rights provided by Sh’ariah to the prisoners are similar. Sometimes the legal procedure lacks with regard to some modern rights however this deficiency might be removed through proper law making. The final Chapter gives the concluding suggestions. Thus this thesis is not a discussion regarding the provision of basic amenities to the prisoners as their right but it touches some thematic approaches of rights of prisoners starting from the rights of ‘detainee prisoners’ towards ending upon the rights of ‘ex-prisoners’.