مولانا حبیب الرحمن عثمانی
اس مہینہ کا سب سے بڑا علمی اور تعلیمی حادثہ دارالعلوم دیوبند کے مہتمم حضرت مولانا حبیب الرحمان عثمانی کی وفات ہے، دیوبند کا مدرسہ عالیہ اگر ہمارے پرانے مذہبی مدارس کی روح ہے تو اس میں شک نہیں کہ اس مدرسہ عالیہ کی روح حضرت مولانا حبیب الرحمان صاحب عثمانی تھے، مرحوم شاید اس مدرسہ کے مقدس بانیوں کی آخری یادگار تھے، وہ ایک مشہور عالم متبحر، اور عربی کے ادیب تھے، دیگر علوم کے علاوہ عربی نظم و نثر پر ان کو یکساں قدرت حاصل تھی، اسلامی تاریخ سے بھی ان کو ذوق کامل تھا، اردو انشاء میں ان کا سلیقہ خاصہ تھا۔ رسالہ القاسم ان کی علمی کوششوں کی پوری تاریخ ہے، ان کی اردو تصانیف ’’اسلامی کی اشاعت کیونکر ہوئی‘‘ ایک ضخیم کتاب ہے، ان سب کے ساتھ جس چیز میں وہ اپنی جماعت میں سب سے زیادہ ممتاز تھے، وہ ان کا تدبر حسن سیاست اور نظم و نسق کی قوت تھی، انہوں نے ۱۳۳۵ھ سے ۱۳۴۸ھ تک جب تک ان کی جان میں جان رہی، مدرسہ دیوبند کے اہتمام اور نظم و نسق کی خدمت انجام دی۔
ان کی محنت، جان کا ہی اور مسلسل خدمات کے ساتھ ساتھ اگر ان کی جسمانی مخافت، کمزوری اور دائم المرضی کو دیکھا جائے تو تعجب ہوتا تھا کہ کیونکر وہ اس بارگراں کو اٹھائے ہوئے ہیں، ان سب سے مافوق ان کا اخلاص، تقویٰ، تواضع اور ہر ایک سے حسن خلق کا برتاؤ تھا، راقم الحروف کو مولانا سے سب سے پہلے اپنے ختم طالب العلمی کے بعد ہی دیوبند میں ۱۹۰۸ء میں ملنے کا اتفاق ہوا، اس وقت سے لے کر آخر تک ان کا یکساں طریق محبت قائم رہا، سب سے آخری دفعہ اسی سال علی گڑھ میں ان کی زیارت ان کے ہم نام نواب...
This research states that in Islamic law adopting a child is a good act, which helps adopted children get a proper education. The right to a proper education for adopted children is one of the main goals of adoption, this welfare is one of the rights that must be provided by adoptive parents. In general, implementing the above rights of children is an obligation and joint responsibility of the government and society. The phenomenon that occurs in Indonesia is that the educational rights of adopted children have shifted to utilization, due to several factors, one of which is economic. The aim of this research is to strengthen previous research, and examine further the shift in the educational rights of adopted children and look at the factors that result in non-fulfillment of adopted children's rights in Indonesia. This research uses an approachsociological normative with the nature of the researchanalytical descriptive. The results of this research found several factors that resulted in a shift, even not being given the rights of adopted children, such as: f In fact, in Islam, adopting a child is a good act but over time it becomes exploitative.
Punjab province is the major wheat producing tract of the country and one-third of its total cultivated area is rainfed where rainfall is erratic and uncertain. This situation is a major limiting factor for wheat production. Understanding of genetic mechanism of drought tojerance is imperative to develop suitable wheat genotypes for these areas. Forty wheat genotypes possessing diverse genetic makeup were tested in field under medium rainfall conditions at Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal and under high rainfall conditions at Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. From these genotypes, eight contrasting genotypes (four each drought tolerant, Inqlab-91, MAW-1, Saleem-2000 and 2KC033 and drought susceptible No. 2495, 3C061, 3C062 and 3C066) were screened out on the basis of more/less yield reduction and were crossed in all possible combinations at BARI, Chakwal. F1 hybrids alongwith parents were grown at BARI, Chakwal under two conditions; irrigated and rainfed. Data were recorded for drought and yield related attributes and were analyzed to understand the genetic mechanisms of these traits. Results of genetic analysis and graphical analysis revealed that over dominance action of genes for number of fertile tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of spikelets per spike, grain filling period, grain filling rate, grain yield per plant, dry weight at maturity, harvest index and protein contents remained unchanged under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Similarly additive type gene action was observed for peduncle length, plant height and number of days to maturity under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. Over dominance type of gene action for number of days to heading and flag leaf area under irrigated conditions changed to dominance under rainfed and for spike length under irrigated conditions changed to additive under rainfed conditions. Genrtic effects controlling for the expression of yield and yield components shifted due to the changed environments. Graphic presentation indicated that parental genotypes shifted their positions from recessive to dominant or the midway or vice versa, for the same trait in response to environmental change. It was noted from the graphs that gene control of certain traits was also modified due to change in environment. Recessive gene control for number of days to heading, grain yield per plant and harvest index under irrigated conditions changed to dominant gene control under rainfed while dominant gene control of 1000 grain weight under irrigated condition changed to recessive under rainfed condition. However, it was also found that gene action for many characters remained unchanged over environments. Genotypes Inqlab-91 and MAW-1 displaying similar constitution under both sowing conditions showed that these contained stable genes for those particular characters. The screened genotypes and breeding material so generated will serve as raw material for the breeders to develop high yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties for the rainfed areas.