اس کا نام تو مراد بخش تھا لیکن اس کی قسمت میں نامرادی لکھ دی گئی تھی۔ خوش بختی سے اسے ایک چاند سی بیوی تو ملی تھی لیکن اس چاند کو گہن لگا ہوا تھا۔ اس کے ارد گرد جگ مگ کرتے ہوئے تاروں کا دور دور تک نام و نشان نہیں تھا۔ وہ اور اس کی بیوی امید و آس کے ہر ایک دروازے پر دستک دے چکے تھے لیکن مراد بخش کی آرزوؤں کا چاند نیلگوں آسمان پر تنہا ڈوبتا ابھرتا رہا۔ اس کی ماں بہو کی گود ہری دیکھنے کی تمنا لیے اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئی۔ آخر بارہ برس کا طویل انتظار کچھ کم تو نہیں ہوتا۔ یہاں تو بارہ گھنٹے بارہ منٹ اور بارہ پل میں دنیا کہاں سے کہاں جا پہنچتی ہے۔ اس کی ماں بھی اپنی سونی آنکھوں اور خالی بانہوں میں ایک نرم و گرم اور سبک و لطیف لمس کی تمنا لیے اپنے مالک حقیقی سے شکایت کرنے آپہنچی۔ لیکن پھر بھی گھر کا چراغ روشن نہ ہوا۔ آنگن میں لگے ہوئے بیلا کے پودوں پر اُجلے اُجلے پھول نہ کھلے۔ کیاریوں میں جمائے گئے رنگ برنگ تخم زمین کی نرمی سے ہم آغوش ہوکر بھی انکور نہ ہوسکے اور حسبِ معمول اس بار بھی نیم کے پیڑ پر پھل تو لگے لیکن کسی کوئل کے کوکنے کی صدا سنائی نہ دی۔
اب مراد بخش اپنے دوست احباب سے بھی کترانے لگا تھا۔ ہمدردی کے دو بول اسے اپنے سینے میں کانٹے کی طرح چبھتے ہوئے محسوس ہوتے۔ کچھ منہ پھٹ قسم کے شناسا اسے اپنے طنز کا نشانہ بنائے رکھتے تھے اور موقع پاکر کوئی نہ کوئی لطیفہ اس کی شخصیت سے جوڑنے میں انہیں خاصا لطف آتا تھا۔ وہ تلملا کر رہ جاتا۔ کبھی اپنی کڑواہٹ کو مسکراہٹ میں چھپانے اور کبھی اس طرح انجان...
Human rights are an important issue of every century. The importance of this issue has increased immensely in this age of information and technology where every person is well aware of his rights, among which is social justice. Islam has designed rules and regulations for social justice. It has provided a well-balanced system for it, has made people aware of their social rights, and encouraged them to get those rights. The life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W are true reflections of a social justice system that is needed in this age. The Prophet’s last sermon delivered at the occasion of Hajjatul Wida is considered to be the first detailed charter of human rights. He mentioned in that sermon the value of life, property and the esteem of a human being. Islam urges Muslims to deal with women, the oppressed, orphans, those in debt, laborers, neighbors and non-Muslims with sympathy and equality. This article attempts to present the true teachings of Islam regarding social justice, in light of the Quran and the Prophet’s life.
All lakes and reservoirs created on natural rivers are subjected to sedimentation. This represents a great challenge for the dam engineers and reservoirs’ managers to find appropriate ways and means to slow this phenomenon significantly to improve the sustainability and optimal performance of the reservoirs. Worldwide, there are about 50000 large dams and among them are 25500 storage reservoirs with a storage volume of about 6464 Bm3. Annual reservoir capacity loss due to sedimentation varies between 0.10 and 2.4 percent in the greater parts of the world. Sediment deposition in a reservoir decreases its storage capacity and reduces the life of a hydro power project associated with it which would trigger huge socio-economic impacts. Hence, it is desired to remove the sediment from such reservoirs for which flushing is one of the best techniques. The current study targets to examine sedimentation aspects of two cascade reservoirs on Poonch River; with the help of physical modeling and numerical simulation. The cascade reservoirs, which have smaller storage volume, compared to the annual inflow and shallow water depths than the high head storage reservoirs; without any sediment management, will be silted up over a short period of time. For the sustainability of the project a proper desiltation program is required. For this purpose various techniques can be applied like dredging, hydro suction, dry excavation, sediment by-passing, density current venting, sediment routing, sluicing and flushing sediment through reservoir. Among these approaches, the most economical method for desilting the reservoir is flushing provided that sufficient water discharge is available. This study focuses on investigation of the sediment accumulation, transportation and flushing in cascade reservoirs. Recorded data of Gulpur and Rajdhani Hydro Power Project (HPP) located in a cascade manner on Poonch River in Pakistan administrated Kashmir, was used for this purpose. A physical model of Poonch River was prepared at Nandipur Research Institute to study the sediment transport behavior. After base test the model was used to get data for various scenarios of sediment flushing in the cascade reservoir system. The River geometry, cross-sections, hydraulic structures, river banks and other physical attributes of river were prepared from topographic survey using AutoCAD. These files were used in HEC-RAS and BASEMENT for simulations. Delta profile and flushing were modelled by HEC-RAS 5.0. Simulation showed that life of the un-sluiced Gulpur HPP is about 14-15 years and that of Rajdhani is about 35 years. To enhance the life of project, annually 4-5 days are required for flushing with optimized discharge of about 250 m3/s. Similarly, in the presence of Gulpur HPP, the dead storage of Rajdhani HPP will be filled up in about 57 years (against 35 years without presence of Gulpur HPP) and this will require annual flushing with reference to upstream cascade Gulpur HPP flushing. In cascade HPP the downstream reservoir has to attain an optimum water level (460 masl) before flushing starts in upstream reservoir. The model shows that water level of Rajdhani HPP has to be reduced by 1 meter every year (from 460 to 411 masl for 50 years) to move the delta forming at the tailrace of Gulpur HPP towards the dam face of Rajdhani during annual flushing In addition, the depth-averaged Godunov model was used to simulate a 2D flushing of the reservoir to cross-check the scouring capacity of the reservoir. The solution technique used has shock-capturing characteristics and is particularly suitable for dam breaks with strong deposit transport phenomena. This technique addresses the reservoir erosion and erosion of sediment deposits that produce transient flow conditions in very small time intervals. Model verification was performed by calculating the bed topography and flushing efficiency. This results obtained through the model were consistent with bed changes, demonstrating its suitability for regeneration of regression channels and lateral erosion. The accompanying sensitivity analysis focuses on evaluating the effects of various parameters that are critical for successful flushing simulations.