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زاد المسیر فی علم التفسیر کا اردو ترجمہ، تحقیق و تعلیق: سورة المائدہ مکمل

Thesis Info

Author

ذیشان احمد

Supervisor

محمد ریاض

Program

Mphil

Institute

Hazara University Mansehra

City

مانسہرہ

Language

Urdu

Keywords

تعارف تفاسیر , زاد المسیر

Added

2023-02-16 17:15:59

Modified

2023-02-19 12:20:59

ARI ID

1676732535287

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باب سوم: آبی وسائل کا مطالعہ

پانی کی اہمیت و افادیت

تعارف(Introduction)

عربی میں پانی "ماء"کہلاتاہے۔ پانی زندگی کے بنیادی مادہ کی حیثیت رکھتا ہےتما م مشروبات کا سردار ہے، کائنات کا اصلی اور حقیقی عنصر ہے۔ آسمان پانی کے بخارت سے بنائے گئے ہیں جبکہ زمین اس کی جھاگ سے پیدا گئی ہے۔ اللہ تعالیٰ ہر چیز کو پانی کے ذریعے زندہ رکھا ہے۔

کائنات چار ارکان کا مرکب ہے جن میں ایک پانی ہے۔ جیساکہ علامہ الجاحظ ؒ لکھتے ہیں:

"الأركان الأربعة، التي هي الماء والأرض والهواء والنار"[1]

امام ابن قیم ؒ رقمطراز ہیں:

"مَاءٌ: مَادَّةُ الْحَيَاةِ، وَسَيِّدُ الشَّرَابِ، وَأَحَدُ أَرْكَانِ الْعَالَمِ، بَلْ رُكْنُهُ الْأَصْلِيُّ، فَإِنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ خُلِقَتْ مِنْ بُخَارِهِ، وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْ زَبَدِهِ، وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ"[2]

مذکورہ عبارت سے صراحت ہوتی ہے، پانی مادہ حیات ہے جو آسمان، زمین اور ہر زندہ چیز کی تخلیق میں بنیادی حیثیت کا حامل قدرتی وسیلہ ہے۔

انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف بریٹانیکا میں ہے:

“Water, a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid states. Water is one of the most plentiful and essential of compounds .”[3]

انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف ریلیجن کا مقا لہ نگار لکھتا ہے:

“Water is essential for man’s life ;it ensures his nourishment by fertilizing the land. It is more than nourishment ,since it is the source of nourishment.”[4]

آکسفورڈ انگلش ڈکشنری کے مطابق پانی (water) :         

“The liquid of which seas, lakes, and rivers are composed ,and which as rains and issues from springs. When pure , it is transparent...

PERAN PERILAKU KEPEMIMPINAN WAKIL KEPALA SEKOLAH BIDANG KESISWAAN DALAM PENGORGANISASIAN SISWA BERBASIS MEDIA SOSIAL DI SMK KOTA BEKASI

Principal leadership activities in utilizing social media can affect the effectiveness of organizing, coaching, and communication. This study discusses effective communication with students through utilizing social media. Communication through social media is done by forming groups in various social media. This research was conducted with a survey method that uses data analysis with path analysis methods where calculations are performed with the program used are Data Analysis packages found in Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The subjects of this study were the deputy principals of the Vocational High School students' field of 100 people in the city of Bekasi. The determination of the sample was taken using Slovin formula and random sampling technique, as many as 80 deputy principals in the student field were the sample of the study while 20 deputy principals in the student field were used to test the validation of the research instruments. This research is expected to contribute to society.  

Comparative Analysis of Phd Dissertations on Education in Pakistan

The study focused on the evaluation of PhD dissertations on education in Pakistan and the comparison of dissertations conducted under HEC and UGC. The objectives of the research were; to explore the quality of research in Pakistan, to compare the quality of research of HEC and UGC, and to design instrument for the evaluation of research dissertations. All the PhD dissertations of social sciences identified the target population and from that population the researcher selected education discipline. Total PhD dissertations of education consist of 308, the researcher further delimited the study to all those dissertations that were downloadable with required permissions and fulfilled the evaluation criteria of the rubric. After the exclusion of dissertations, a total 178 dissertation were left for evaluation on the rubric. The researcher adapted and developed the rubric from different rubrics developed for evaluation of dissertations. The researcher collected data using 20 points instrument sheet with five point’s categorical scale, namely Excellent, Good, Satisfactory, Unsatisfactory, and Not included scale. For every dissertation one sheet was used, of the 178 dissertations, 131 were from HEC and 47 were from UGC. For the analysis of data the researcher used two methods, one was percentage while the other was statistical software to test the hypothesis which posed in the introduction section. The result of the study showed that in general the performance of HEC dissertation is slightly better than UGC; but statistically the result is not significant. The item wise result shows that there is significant difference on the majority items that prove the hypothesis that the research quality improved after the establishment of HEC in a vi short span of time of 10 Years whereas the number of dissertations increased by more than doubled in just 10 years. Before the establishment of HEC, only one dissertation touched the level of excellent whereas after the establishment of HEC, 10 dissertations were placed in excellent category while a substantial number of dissertations were in good category very close to excellent in a short span of time. The researcher suggests that there should be anti-plagiarism section in every department to avert plagiarism. Every faculty member should be provided anti-plagiarism software to eliminate the chances of plagiarism. The researcher also suggests that HEC should make it compulsory for every research department to publish their research journal. The researcher also feels the need of research on the evaluation of research journals in Pakistan.