قدرت اﷲ شہاب
جناب محمد طفیل کی وفات کے کچھ ہی روز بعد جناب قدرت اﷲ شہاب کی رحلت کی خبر ملی، وہ برطانوی حکومت کے زمانہ کے آئی۔سی۔ایس تھے، ۱۹۴۷ء کے بعد پاکستان کے بڑے بڑے عہدوں پر مامور رہے، وہ جب پاکستان کے گورنر جنرل جناب غلام محمد صاحب کے سکریٹری تھے، تو پہلی بار ۱۹۵۵ء میں ان سے دارالمصنفین کے دفتری کام کے سلسلہ میں ملا، ایک روز گورنر جنرل ہاؤس میں دوپہر کا کھانا ہوا تو وہ بھی شریک ہوئے لیکن خاموش بیٹھے رہے، ان سے کھانا شروع کرنے کے لیے کہا گیا تو بولے آج شعبان کی پندرہویں تاریخ ہے، وہ نفل روزے سے ہیں، ان کی اس مذہبیت کا اثر دستر خوان کے تمام شرکاء پر رہا۔
۱۹۵۵ء سے پاکستان کا سفر برابر کرتا رہا، ان سے برابر ملاقاتیں ہوتی رہیں، دارلمصنفین کی مطبوعات کا جب باضابطہ حق طباعت و اشاعت حکومت پاکستان کو دیا جارہا تھا تو انھوں نے اس کی دفتری کاروائی کرنے میں بڑی سہولتیں پہنچائیں جس کے لیے دارلمصنفین ان کا بڑا ممنون ہوا، ان میں سرکاری افسر کی رعونت بالکل نہ تھی، ہر موقع پر بڑے متین، سنجیدہ اور بااخلاق نظر آئے، بولتے بہت کم تھے مگر سنتے سب کی تھے، اور حتیٰ الامکان مدد کیا کرتے تھے، ان کو انگریزی اور اردو لکھنے میں بڑی مہارت تھی، اردو ادب کا بڑا عمدہ مذاق رکھتے تھے لیکن اس کا اظہار اپنی گفتگوؤں میں نہ ہونے دیتے، ادبی حلقوں میں اپنی اردو تحریروں کے لیے مقبول تھے، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کی نیکیوں، لوگوں کے ساتھ کرم گستریوں اور روز مرہ زندگی میں ان کی خوبیوں کی بدولت ان کو اپنی آغوش عفو و کرم میں لے کروہی جگہ عطا فرمائیں جو نیک بندوں کو اس کی بارگاہ میں ملا کرتی ہے، آمین۔...
Tafsir or interpretation of the Quranic scripture has always been a central task for Muslim exegetes. The Tafsir Ishari is a significant genre in the realm of Quranic exegesis that specially explains the inner meanings of theQuranic scripture. The Tafsir ishari is primarily based on the Quranic reading and understanding of the Sufis of the early Islam. This study analyses the argument of scriptural experts concerning the authenticity of this particular type of the Quranic interpretation. Further, it also aims to elucidate the Tafsir Ishari, its tradition and development through presenting an overview of its origin, formation and evolution. It has been argued that the Tafsir Ishari does not have any specific method. As contrast to the literal reading of the Quranic text, the Sufis reflect upon the inner meaning of the Quran and understand the text through spiritual intuition. This research is focused to comprehend various approaches of Sufi interpretations by studying the significant texts of leadingSufi masters i. E. Al-Tustari, Sulami and Ruzbihan al-Baqli. A meticulous effort has been made to ascertain the distinctive methods of Ishari interpretation by analyzing the interpretations of the above mentioned three leading Sufi masters.
Production of vigorous seedlings and transplanting at proper age is a primary feature to get good paddy yield. Due to the shrinkage of world water resources rice cultivation is in shift from flooded to aerobic condition. This shift may alter the soil condition that can cause the problem of boron and zinc uptake, which leads toward reduction in final yield. Two field experiments were conducted during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (310-25’N,730-09’E), Pakistan. The first one studied the seeding densities, nitrogen fertilization rate and seedling age in the rice nursery that is used for transplanting. Such treatments were evaluated in term of seedling vigor, plant growth, yield and yield attributes. The study revealed that fertilized seedlings older than 10 days and grown with low seeding density at nursery-bed, significantly improved seedling vigor. Maximum paddy yield (3.7 t/ha) was observed with transplanting youngest seedlings (10-days older) but transplanting of 20-days older fertilized seedlings grown at low seeding densities resulted in almost similar yield (3.6 t/ha) with younger. Older seedlings leads to reduced yield and the lowest yield (2 t/ha) was observed after transplanting unfertilized 40- days older seedlings grown at high seeding density. The best benefit cost ratio (BCR) was observed with S1 (1.59) followed by S2 (1.40) while in nursery management, fertilized seedlings grown with low seeding density found the highest BCR (1.53) in year 2008. The second experiment investigated the nutrition effect of boron and zinc in different rice cultures. Boron and zinc are supplementary nutrients were used as basal fertilizers in the rice fields that had different water management. Results showed that the rice crop significantly reduced yield (42 %) and impair quality when it was subjected to grow in aerobic condition without nutrients application. However, nutrients application in crop grown with periodic flooding and drying improved yield (4.81 t/ha) and quality as compared with aerobic culture (2.89 t/ha) and performed as good as the normal flooded rice. Maximum paddy yield (5.02 t/ha) was recorded in flooded rice with the combined application of boron and zinc which was statistically similar with treatment of periodic flooding and drying. In addition to this the best BCR was achieved with field under periodic flooding and drying (1.89) followed by flooded rice (1.75) and the minimum BCR (1.39) was found in aerobic rice culture . Fertilizer application revealed that maximum BCR (2.05) was recorded with micronutrients application as compared to control during 2008. These findings sustenance the young seedling components of System of Rice Intensification and illustrate that making a minor additional investment in raising a healthy and vigorous seedling in nursery seed-bed, farmers can harvest a reasonable yield benefits. Results also demonstrated that introduction of aerobic rice cultivation for fine rice can increase the deficiency problem of micronutrients (B & Zn) in calcareous soils.