خواجہ عبدالرؤف عشرت لکھنوی
خواجہ عبدالروف عشرت، لکھنؤ داروغہ حیدربخش کی مسجد کے نیچے کتابوں کی ایک چھوٹی سی دوکان پر بیٹھا کرتے تھے، مگر خدا جانے کیا بات ہے یہ چھوٹی سے معمولی حیثیت کی دوکان نصف صدی تک لکھنؤ کے اہل علم و ادب کا مرکز بنی رہی، اور میں نے بھی چالیس برس اس چھوٹی سی دکان کو اسی طرح علم و ادب کے قدرشناسوں کا مرکز دیکھا، اس وقت جب لکھنؤ کا چوک بجلی اور گیس کی روشنیوں سے جگمگارہا تھا یہی دکان تھی جس پر پرانا مٹی کا چراغ جلا کرتا تھا، اور دنیا کو وضعداری کی روشنی دکھاتا تھا، افسوس کہ زبان و ادب کا یہ ٹمٹماتا ہوا چراغ بھی بجھ گیا۔
خواجہ صاحب گو خود غیر معمولی شاعر نہ تھے، مگر لکھنؤ کے بڑے بڑے شاعروں کی صحبت اٹھائے تھے، بحرؔ مرحوم کے شاگرد تھے، نظم سے زیادہ نثر لکھتے تھے اور لکھنؤ کی راجدھانی اور لکھنؤ کے جانعالم کی کہانی ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، لکھنوء کی بول چال اور محاوروں اور روزمرہ کو بخوبی برتتے تھے، نیک مزاج، وضعدار اور قناعت پسند تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی،جولائی ۱۹۴۰ء)
The research examines socio-cultural stereo-typed beliefs and customs of Pakistani society regarding women’s conjugal rights and reproductive health. Islamic teachings recognize and ensure both categories of women rights; general and specific. Islam has acknowledged man and woman as equal and equivalent partners of the family system. There mutual cooperation lays the foundation of a peaceful, prosperous and healthy society. According to Islamic injunctions, the socio-economic environment of the society must ensure mutual trust, matrimonial harmony, and respect of rights for both men and women. The social norms need consistent evolution to be conducive to a happy life of individuals. It goes without saying that population growth must go hand in hand with papulation planning while prosperity is directly proportional to proper management of both human and economic resources. The present article analyzes the social stereo-types about women, their conjugal rights, family planning and care for women’s reproductive health, in the light of guidance provided by Qur’an and Sunnah. Islam.
Triticum aestivum L. comprising essential nutrients, production and utilization on high scale in Pakistan is the reason of conducting the presence research of 40 local wheat cultivars at Cereal Crop Research Institute Pirsabak, Nowshehra. The wheat cultivars were evaluated for agronomical characters, protein content, baking quality and the screening for leaf rust resistance genes in these cultivars. Results showed that Serin-10 followed by Bakhtawar-92 and Aas-81 wheat cultivars showed overall better agronomical characteristics including days to heading, days to maturity, plant height and grain yield in three years. Days to heading showed significant positive correlation with days to maturity and negative correlation with grain yield. However, grain yield showed weak positive correlation with plant height. Among the wheat cultivars, Hasham, Pak-81 and Suleman-96 were found with superior baking qualities. All loci of glutenin genes i.e. GluB3bcf, GluB3i and GluA3e were confirmed through PCR using specific primers. The highest frequency of glutenin gene GluA3e was observed 85%, followed by GluB3i (82.50 %) and the least frequency was observed in GluB3bcf (50 %) in all forty local wheat cultivars. Four cultivars (Bathoor-08, Chakwal-50, Khyber-87 and Punjab-11) was confirmed with presence of all the l leaf rust resistance genes. Lr36 leaf rust resistance gene was confirmed in most of the wheat cultivars. Response of participants to all organoleptic factors in ascending order was observed as Pak-08 followed by Upaq, Barsat, Nowshera and Serin-10 wheat cultivar. Further it was recommended that other environmental factors including soil type, humidity, temperature, light and others studied for their effect on wheat cultivars physiological characters and yield of these cultivars. Other sub-units of glutenin and leaf rust resistance genes should be screen in these cultivars. Also minerals analysis study can help in true fortification in baking that can help reduce the mal-nutrition problems in the region.