والیؔ آسی
۱۴؍ اپریل کو اردو کے ایک خوش گو اور خوش فکر شاعر والی آسی کا انتقال ہوگیا، انہیں شاعری اور اردو زبان کی خدمت کا ولولہ اپنے نامور والد، مولانا عبدالباری آسی مرحوم سے وارثت میں ملا تھا۔ والی مرحوم کی تعلیم ممتاز اسکول اور امیر الدولہ اسلامیہ کالج لکھنؤ میں ہوئی تھی۔ جناب ساجد لکھنوی سے ان کی دوستی تھی، دونوں نے لاٹوش روڈ پر مکتبہ دین و دنیا قائم کیا، جہاں سے متعدد مجموعے شائع کئے، دونوں نے مل کر نعتیہ کلام کا ایک مجموعہ " ارمغانِ نعت" کے نام سے مرتب کر کے شائع کیا تھا، جو بہت مقبول ہوا۔
والی مرحوم شریف، ملنسار مگر خود دار شخص تھے، صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے ان کی شاعری فکر و خیال کی مہارت اور اسلامی رنگ کی حامل ہوتی تھی، ان کے دو مجموعے ’’شہد‘‘ اور ’’موم‘‘ کے نام سے شائع ہوچکے ہیں، رسالوں میں بھی ان کا کلام چھپتا رہتا تھا، مشاعروں میں بھی شریک ہوتے تھے، ان کا ترنم بہت اچھا تھا مگر اکثر تحت اللفظ پڑھتے تھے، آواز اتنی پاٹ دار ہوتی تھی کہ سامعین خود بہ خود متوجہ ہوجاتے تھے، اپنے جان دار کلام کی وجہ سے ملک کے علاوہ دوحہ، قطر، مسقط، جدہ، دبئی، لندن، اور نیویارک کے مشاعروں میں بھی مدعو کئے جاتے تھے، ان کے شاگردوں کا وسیع حلقہ تھا، جن میں مشہور شاعر منور رانا بھی ہیں، وہ بڑے یار باش تھے، امین آباد میں ان کی دکان پر دوست شاعروں کا جمگھٹ رہتا تھا۔ ان کے چند اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں، جو آزادی کے پچاس ۵۰ برس گزرنے کی مناسبت سے کہے گئے ہیں:
کبھی کیا نہ کسی سے بیاں پچاس برس
کہ ہم نے کیسے گزارے یہاں پچاس برس
یہ چاہتے تھے قصیدہ ترا لکھیں لیکن
لہو میں ڈوبی رہیں انگلیاں پچاس...
Due to male dominance in society as well as in households, the rights of females are ignored. Hence, there exists gender discrimination while giving food to family members which in turn results in poor health status for females. Therefore, it is important to explore the causes of this unequal distribution of food among family members Objective: To determine psychosocial factors causing gender discrimination regarding food distribution among families Methods: Data collected from fifty females aged 15-80 years, selected from the urban community using non-probability consecutive sampling, were used for analysis. Females with malnutrition, psychological disorders, with laparotomy and major surgery were excluded. Gender discrimination was assessed as males or male children were preferred for better and more food items like fresh food, meat, fruits, milk, dairy products and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see the impact selected factors on gender discrimination Results: The large family size (> 6 members) showed significantly higher odds of discrimination (OR=3.89; 95% CI= 1.03-15.26) than smaller families. The odds of food discrimination were 4 times more for the families, with males being earning hand (OR=4.57; 95% CI= 1.19-18.31). Similarly, there exist higher odds of gender discrimination in low-income families (OR=5.10; 95% CI= 1.18-23.87). While maternal education reduces the chances of food discrimination (OR=0.10; 95% CI= 0.02-0.42) Conclusions: Psychosocial factors such as large family size, low monthly income, males being earning hand and maternal education were found to be associated with gender discrimination regarding food distribution among family members.
Accurate visualization of regular and scattered surface data requires that the surface characteristics or shape is preserved. This is desirable in most computer aided engineering applications, including; geometric modelling, sectional drawing, designing pipe systems in chemical plants, surgery; designing car bodies, ship hulls and airplanes; physical and chemical processes, geology, meteorology. Three basic surface data shape characteristics, namely positivity, monotonicity and convexity are of general interest. For examples rainfall data is positive, the rate of dissemination of drugs in the blood is positive and monotone, data generated in an optimization problem may be convex. Within a data visualization environment, a user is usually interested in graphically. This requires the use of interpolating schemes which themselves must possess certain characteristics like shape preservation, shape control, etc. Many authors derived the constraints on derivatives to visualize the shape of data. These schemes fail to preserve the shape of data, when data are given with the derivatives at the data points. Some existing schemes are global, the disadvantages of these schemes: modification of data or constraints in one of the interval will affect the graphical display of the data over the whole domain. In the visualization of monotone scattered data, some existing schemes transform the scattered data in to the regular data. These schemes are not feasible to industrial applications where bulk of data is under consideration. The focus of this thesis is on the graphical display of regular and scattered surface data which possess positive, monotone and convex shape features. The aim is to develop the data visualization schemes that are local, computationally economical, visuallyv pleasing that are applicable to both data and data with derivatives and above all provide automotive techniques for appropriate choice of parameters. Data visualization schemes for regular data are developed using rational bi-cubic function and rational bi-cubic partially blended function to preserve positivity, monotonicity and convexity of surface data. Simple sufficient data dependent shape preserving constraints are derived in terms of the free parameters of rational bi-cubic and rational bi-cubic partially blended function. The problem of data visualization of constrained data is also addressed when the data is lying above the plane and the interpolating surface is required to lie on the same side of the plane. Finally, data visualization schemes are developed for scattered data arranged over the triangular grid.