ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری
( شمس بدایونی )
ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری سے میری دیرینہ ملاقات تھی، جب جب کراچی جانے کا موقع ملا، وہ بہت ہی عزیزانہ طور پر ملے، ہر ملاقات میں پہلے سے زیادہ اپنی بھلمنساہت، شرافتِ طبع، عجز اور انکسار کا ثبوت دیتے، بہت سی کتابوں کے مصنف ہوئے، جیسا کہ حسب ذیل مضمون سے ظاہر ہوگا، ان کے قلم میں بڑی برق وشی تھی، کسی کتاب کو لکھنا یا ترجمہ کرنا شروع کرتے تو بڑی کم مدت میں یہ کام ختم کردیتے، وہ جس بلند مرتبہ کے مصنف تھے، اپنے عجز و انکسار کی بدولت اس سے اپنے کو کم ہی ظاہر کرتے، وہ اپنی ہر کتاب دارالمصنفین ضرور بھیجتے اور اس کو یہ راقم شوق سے پڑھتا، جب انھوں نے کراچی کے قیام میں شاہنواز خاں کی تصنیف مآثر الامراء کی تین جلدوں کے ترجمے ہدیہ کیے، تو یہ تینوں جلدیں میری میز پر برابر رہیں، اور جب کبھی ان میں سے کسی اقتباس کو اصل فارسی سے ملایا، تو ان کو ہر طرح صحیح، سلیس اور فصیح پایا، اس سے ترجمہ کرنے میں ان کی مہارت اور قدرت کا معترف ہوا، جب وہ طبقات اکبری کا ترجمہ کررہے تھے تو ان سے یہ گفتگو آئی کہ اکبرنامہ کا ترجمہ ایک انگریز نے انگریزی میں کردیا ہے، لیکن یہ بڑی ندامت اور شرم کی بات ہے کہ اب تک اس کا اردو میں ترجمہ نہیں ہوسکا، گویہ بہت مشکل کام ہے، لیکن جب اس کا ترجمہ انگریزی میں ہوسکتا ہے، تو کوئی وجہ نہیں کہ اردو میں نہ ہوسکے، جناب ایوب قادری صاحب نے کہا کہ طبقات اکبری کے ترجمہ کے بعد انشاء اﷲ اکبرنامہ کی جلدوں کا ترجمہ کرکے لوگوں کی ندامت کو دور کردوں گا، اس سے مجھ کو بڑی خوشی ہوئی، گزشتہ نومبر میں میرے قیام کراچی ہی...
This study aimed at analyzing qualitatively the implementation of K13 curriculum which has long been applied in the state senior high school number 3 of Rejang Lebong. The data were garnered using observations and interviews for the sake of eliciting information to answer the proposed problem. The other technique considered important was documentation to see the curriculum-based depictions and loads in the existing documents. After the data were gathered, the selection of data was undertaken in order to be displayed in findings; the data were analyzed and discussed; and they were concluded as the ultimate answer to the formulated problem. The present study drew a conclusion that the implementation of k13 curriculum ran well although some obstacles were faced such as learning facilities. The entire school’s community seemed to be committed to carry out the mandate of this national educational system’s law such as training for teachers’ competence, doing the duties of making lesson plans in the form of RPP and syllabi, providing a monthly report concerning the implementation of learning by teachers, and carrying out evaluations alongside giving guidance for teachers’ performances.
Over 9 million new active tuberculosis (TB) cases emerge each year from an enormous pool of 2 billion individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) worldwide. About 3 million new TB cases per year go undiagnosed, and 1.5 million die (equivalent to AIDS related deaths). Involvement of various host related and environmental risk factors increasing the susceptibility of the disease and emergence of MDRTB has made the control and eradication of the disease difficult. TB, however, is generally curable if diagnosed correctly and in a timely manner. The current diagnostic methods for TB and MDRTB, including state-of-the-art molecular tests, have failed in delivering the capacity needed to curtail this ongoing pandemic. Highly efficient, accurate, cost effective and scalable diagnostic tests are critically needed. We report a multiplex TB serodiagnostic panel for TB infection and a DNA based tests for MDRTB, based on microbead suspension array. Our serodiagnostic panel demonstrates sensitivity of 91% for confirmed TB cases on serum/plasma samples from patients. Sensitivities of this new test format for sputum smear positive and negative cases are 95%, and 89%, respectively, and this test has specificity of 96%. Similarly our DNA based test for MDRTB mutation has 86% sensitivity for Rifampicin, 92% for Isoniazid, 62% for Streptomycin and 63% for Ethambutol resistant samples. This test has shown 100% specificity and 100% correlation between sputum and culture samples of MDRTB. These diagnostic criteria for the multiplex TB & MDRTB test are greatly superior to that of the frontline sputum smear test (30-70% sensitivity) and conventional culture and DST. The test can be run on either blood plasma/serum or dried blood spots (DBS) for TB infection and on DNA isolated from sputum/culture of MDRTB sample, enabling use in almost any setting with scalability from 1 to 360 patients per day, and is amenable to automation for higher (1000s per day) throughput. We also have reported the involvement of well-established host related, environmental and social risk factors in susceptibility of the disease. For host-related factors, TB was found to be significantly associated with male gender, marital status, smoking, drinking, personal and family history of TB, asthma and diabetes (OR: 1.08, 1.96, 1.21, 4.26, 2.07, 3.16, 3.43 and 3.67) respectively with P-value <0.001. For environmental and socio economic factors TB was found to be associated with adult crowding, increased family size, poor ventilation and use of biofuels (OR: 4.60, 1.75, 3.29 and 3.90) illiteracy, unawareness of the disease, migration and presence of animals in the house (OR: 1.74, 0.07, 1.83 and 1.60) respectively with p-values of <0.005. Thus in combination with information of demographic details, risk factors information and use of the proposed test, diagnosis of TB and MDRTB can be possible in one day without any delay in initiation of the treatment. This approach can help TB control program to control the disease by diagnosing it efficiently, accurately, and timely.