کُتبِ اُصول حدیث اکیسویں صدی میں ؛ایک تعارفی جائزہ An Introductory Review of the Books written on ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth in 2ist Century

Muslims are a unique nation in the world who have shown unparalleled activism in preserving their sayings and relics. Caution was in view from day one. The simple precautionary measures taken in the early days later took the form of theology. In the beginning, the principles and rules of this knowledge did not exist in a disciplined form, although the scholars of Muḥaddithin adhered to the basic principles of this knowledge from the very beginning. However, references to these principles were to be found in the books of the pious. In the 4th Hijri, the scholars of Muhaddithin compiled the previous scattered work on the art of the principle of Ḥadith. Now these comprehensive definitions and terms are before us in a systematic and disciplined form in the books of ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth. In this short essay, the definition and necessity and importance of Hadith and ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth have been highlighted and also an introductory review of books written on ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth th and their authors and authors has been presented. Which indicates this. How strict were the rules and regulations of the Muslim Ummah for examining the authenticity and text of the Holy Hadith and how did they separate the authentic, weak and subject matter of the hadiths and write their separate books? And how hard they have worked to promote art.

Cooperation and Confrontation in Pakistan-United States Relations During Pervez Musharraf Era

The study analyzes Pakistan-United States relations, which are a combination of confrontation and cooperation. Since independence, the relations between the two States have seen many ups and downs. The purpose of this research is not only to provide an exhaustive historical account of the relations; it also aims at interpreting cooperation and confrontation between the two countries in the broader sense during Musharraf era. The research has focused on how the two countries reached various formal agreements, how the official dialogues were conducted on major issues of bilateral interest, and what impacts it had on the relationship between the two nations. It has also been enquired how the United States policy towards Pakistan changed from confrontation to cooperation after 9/11 attacks. It has also encompassed the economic dependence of Pakistan on the US aid, its social sector’s developments and the need for the US military aid for the balance of power in the region and Pakistan’s national security. The consequences and backlash on Pakistan economy, socio-religious life, and overview of the country’s law and order situation, suggestions to reduce the atmosphere of mistrust and way forward to improve the Pakistan-US relationship between the two independent-sovereign states has also been part of the analysis of the relations. This study includes details regarding the cooperation between the two countries, eradicating terrorism, improving socio-political situation in Afghanistan, removing major irritants between the two countries. Moreover, it considers Pakistan’s response to the situation in Afghanistan, steps taken by Pakistan and the US to resolve the crisis and the consequences, for Pakistan, for becoming an ally of the United States in the war on terrorism. Furthermore, it has also discussed why Pakistan’s decision to provide logistic and intelligence assistance to the US in the war on terrorism was a precautionary measure against being labelled as a terrorist state and an ally of the Taliban by the US. The research has endeavored to carry out an in depth study of Pakistan-US relations and their impact on the policies of both countries. It has also studied the issues relating to some irritants and confrontation between the two countries.