عقیدہ تناسخ اور عہد الست میں فرق کے حوالے سے امام رازی کے موقف کا جائزہ

Reincarnation is a basic Hindu belief according to which the soul of a person is recreated for second time in different shapes according to their different actions. It is known as the belief of Samsara or reincarnation in Hinduism. If the person who passes away is good, his soul is transferred into a beautiful and nice body like that of birds etc. But if he is an evil person, his soul is transferred into ugly insects and animals etc. According to this belief, the difference between two human beings is due to the difference in their previous action or “karma” that he has committed in his previous birth. Human actions cannot be fruitful in this world and this is why a second birth is needed. This belief is wrong from Shariah perspective and it contradicts the basic Islamic belief of resurrection. Reincarnation assumes that there is no specific day on which actions will be rewarded; rather it is Auagun or Juni Cycle through which a human being deserves positive or negative reward. Imam Razi has refuted this belief through both logical and textual evidences. He has also replied the objections raised against the covenant of “alast”. (الست) According to Shariah, there is a second world beyond this physical for reward or punishment of deeds which is known as the Day of Judgment Doomsday.  On this day, the Scale will be set and human actions will be weighed. Consequently, he will deserve either Paradise or hell. Paradise is an abode of perpetual rest and satisfaction whereas hell is a place of humiliation and degradation.  

A Study of Factors Affecting Dividend Yield and Dividend Payout Ratio of Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors which effect dividend yield and dividend payout ratio by taking 27 oil and gas companies which are listed on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE). This study provides empirical analysis of the effect of factors (earning per share, profitability, stock prices, firm size, lagged value of dividend, market to book value and financial leverage) on dividend yields, dividend payout ratio. The results from this analysis provide strong support that factors market to book value and financial leverage has negative relationship with dividend yield and dividend payout ratio. The results also demonstrate that profitability, earning per share, firm size, stock price and lagged value of dividend have positive relationship with dividend yield and dividend payout ratio. A major part of these results reveal that stock price, profitability and firm size have great effect on dividend yield and dividend payout ratio.