E-COMMERCE AND CYBER VULNERABILITIES IN BANGLADESH: A POLICY PAPER

E-commerce is one way among many that people buy and sell things in retail. Some companies sell products online only, but for many, e-commerce is a distribution channel that’s part of a broader strategy that includes physical stores and other revenue streams. Either way, e-commerce allows startups, small businesses, and large companies to sell their products at scale and reach customers worldwide. The growing scenario of E-commerce shapes a new dynamism in Business and offers no time-bound, cost-efficient, and hassle-free buy and sell. Following changing approach, security management in e-commerce (cyber security) is now the focus. People in Bangladesh are mostly unaware of the risks of using computing and digital devices and online platforms. This article articulated the risk factors associated with the growing reliance on digital technologies and devices. Then, some policy guidelines are prescribed for the national level and individual level, including leading social campaigns, new chapters in the school curriculum, advancing technological aptitudes of law enforcers, strengthening security systems in e-commerce, embanking sites, bringing frauds to justice, initiating law to define cybercrimes, fortifying institutional management of cyber securities

Performance Criteria of Chemical Protective Clothing

Chemical protective clothing helps to act as a buffer for wearers from physical, chemical or biological risks that may be encountered while at work in an industrial setup. The present study was aimed at minimizing these dangers and risks. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was based on the evaluation of mechanical and resistance characteristics of locally manufactured protective coveralls. Performance was measured at various washing intervals. This phase was designed to make an assessment of the protective coveralls currently in use in chemical industries of Pakistan. It was observed, Cotton and Polyester were dominant raw materials used for manufacturing of collected samples. All samples failed to pass safety standards. Various factors impacted their performance. Among them, low quality of fabric and lamination were most important factors. In the second phase of the study, three different types of clothing materials were manufactured by using various construction parameters. Based on literature review and results of phase one, Aramid and multilayered Cotton-Polyester blends were used for manufacturing. These clothing materials were also evaluated for their mechanical and resistance characteristics at various washing intervals using the test procedures of phase one and under similar conditions and environment. All three experimental materials outperformed all the existing samples tested in phase one. Aramid performed better among the three experimental materials. Finally a comprehensive comparison based on the collected data for each characteristic of existing and newly manufactured clothing materials was carried out. Statistical analysis highlighted the difference within and between new and existing clothing materials. The results indicated that the existing clothing materials showed poor results for each characteristic and significantly deteriorated after successive washing. Whereas experimental clothing materials manufactured in the second phase showed excellent results and were less by number of washes. According to the overall conclusion drawn from the current research existing materials are not suitable for the workers of chemical industries. They should rather adopt any of the experimental materials based on their requirements and needs.