مکی دور نبوی ﷺ کے فنون ِ لطیفہ کے معاشرتی مظاہر کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Fine Arts, shows the aesthetic side of any society and it is very important part of any culture, as its presence expresses the cultural diversity and richness and connects different segments of society. This article throws a light on the fine arts of Makkah society before the Prophet Hood. It is very common among historians and orientalists to accuse the society of Makkah void of any cultural expression apart from its love for poetry, which is not true. The matter of the fact is that this society was fully developed aesthetically despite its nomadic and barren desert life. The cultural expressions of storytelling, poetry, architecture, painting, sculpture making were true and pure to this part of world without any influence from outside world. The tradition of storytelling was an essential element of Makkah cultural life and it was common among the elite of Makkah to have night sittings, where along with drinking, music they used to narrate anecdotes of past.  Although the architecture of Makkah people was simple, it was self-sufficient to the needs of the environment. This research paper is an attempt to look into the various forms of Fine Arts of Makkah and how these expressions were deeply embedded in the society.

On Demand Electrical Power Load Management Service for Smart Meters Using Gsm Technology

Energy is one of the most fundamental components of daily life and plays a vital role in the growth of country’s economy. Due to recent severe energy crises in Pakistan, the government has started focusing on building new power generation plants. While the government of Pakistan has taken many initiatives for energy saving such as launched a campaign against power thefts, extended weekly holidays, banned advertising neon boards, early closure of public and private market places but the issues of theft control and power load management still remain unaddressed due to non-technical lossesand inappropriate management, timeworn electricity infrastructure, poor quality wires, poor management, bribery culture, appointment of non-technical staff, law & order situation, and mismanagement in electricity bill calculation. The some others reasons behind the severe electricity shortfall is to, identify, stop and control the electricity theft at consumer premises and to hunt individual consumers answerable for power theft. The irregular electricity shortfall also leads to many problems in a country for example: un-scheduled power short fall, high cost of electricity units and insufficient electric power load management. However, more recently, GOP introduced a smart electricity meter technology in various cities as pilot project and different electric power distribution companies have started to install General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) based smart meter system to control electricity thievery. But there has been no major progress in the control of electricity theft and efficient power load management for domestic, commercial and industrial consumers. Moreover, the existing installed smart meters have not produced desired results, such as an efficient electric power load management, theft prevention, and entertainment of power load request by consumers, provision of real time communication mechanisms among consumer, smart meter and EPC. Furthermore, Electric Power Company (EPC) don’t provide any means / service(s) which allow direct interaction between Smart Meter (SM), EPC and End Consumer (EC). This research addresses above challenges and proposes a system called On Demand Electrical Power Load Management Service (EPLMS) architecture for smart meters using GSM.