Economic Facilities for Non-Muslims in a Muslim Country in the Light of Quran and Sunnah

The question of economic facilities for non-Muslims in a Muslim country has been one of the most important questions in the Muslim and non-Muslim world. It has been highlighted by some economists and jurists about their economic facilities. This paper is intended to discuss the economic facilities for non-Muslims in a Muslim country in the light of Quran and Sunnah and the Islamic history. It is the topmost responsibility of the Islamic state/Muslim country to fulfill the basic needs of human life and to encourage voluntary services for the welfare of the poor, to promote equal opportunities in a Muslim country, to enforce social and economic justice in Islam, to provide social security and basic economic facilities, and to give a fair share of economic rights to all citizens. The Government should also provide employment (services), Jizyah and to impose tax on non-Muslims. It will be shown that in Muslim countries, all non-Muslims have equal economic opportunities and rights as other Islamic citizens and also the same status in terms of Islamic economy. This paper may also throw some light on the Islamic Philosophy of economy in the contemporary Muslim world and explore the constituents and effects of an Islamic/Muslim anti-economy policy. This paper will conclude by providing some suggestions on ways of solving contemporary non–Muslim economic problems in Muslim countries nowadays.

Modeling and Analysis of Workflow Management System With Petrinets

Formal methods are proposed to arrange and establish strictness in stages for the development of software. This method assists to avoid serious issues, offer standard resources to record various hypotheses and conclusion and outline a source for stability among many connected activities. Workflow management system assists the administration to define and coordinate different departments such as several employees and systems. By using the workflow management system the administration can control, monitor, optimize the problem and maintain the business process. Formal approaches are used for designing and verification of the proposed system. The organization can save the time of development and implementation of the model. By using Petri net formalism we can design and model the specification and verification of multifaceted workflows. This research work focuses on the methods for modeling, analysis and simulation of workflow management system. A proposed model is developed, which almost eliminate the risks of logical errors before starting the code of the software. In this research work, the workflow model is designed for a railway reservation system. This organization has different reservation offices at different locations. These offices are interlinked with each other. To design a model of this company multi-agent based technique is used and each office works as an agent of the system. This research is intended to design an interaction model for the cooperation between these offices (modules). Petri net formalism is applied for modeling, analysis and verification purposes to show the workflow in between these offices (modules for entire system). This research is intended to design an interaction model for the cooperation between these offices (Agents). By using CPN tool four stations? models are designed and verified their liveness, boundedness and reversibility through invariants. After this these micro models also known as Agents are joined to a single macro model known as Railway Reservation System (RRS), where each Agent represents as a place by using the idea of nets within nets. These agents interact with each other through transitions in macro model. Due to state space explosion it is not possible to analyze each micro model through reachability graph, so analysis is done through place and transition invariants. Macro model is then verified through reachability graph as well as through invariants by using CPN tool and MATLAB.