Determinants of Peptic Ulcer Determinants of Peptic Ulcer

Globally, peptic ulcer is a disease that is very common in an adult population with 10% prevalence. Patients with H. Pylori infection has 3 to 4 folds higher risk of getting peptic ulcer. Objective: To find out the determinants of Peptic ulcer among the patients visiting Services Hospital LahoreMethods: A Cross sectional study was carried out. Patients were selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique from Services Hospital, Lahore. Patients were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used for analysis of data. The study was carried out at Medical departments of Services Hospitals, Lahore during Dec-2017 to March-2018Results: The prevalence of peptic ulcer was higher in males i.e. 68%. 41% patients were 36-45 years of age, 63% patients were from urban areas, 40% of patients were overweight, 32% patients were secondary educated and 75% patients were having no knowledge about peptic ulcer. There was significant association of gender with consumption of fried food items and smokingConclusions: Study concluded that, male gender, low educational status, work pressure, smoking, addiction of pain killers and intake of fried food items were the risk factors of peptic ulcer.

Effect of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria and Integrated Use of Organic and Inorganic P-Fertilizers on Wheat

The impact of integrated phosphorus (P) management and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on wheat crop was assessed in field experiments at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan, for two consecutive years (2015-16 and 2016-17). Two factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications was used in the experiments. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (with and without) and integration of mineral and organic P sources i.e. single superphosphate (SSP), poultry manure (PM) and farmyard manure (FYM) were tested in the experiments. The rate of phosphorus (75 kg ha-1) was maintained in all plots. Sole application of SSP produced maximum tillers m-2 (345) with earlier heading (110 days) and maturity (140 days) stage. More organic matter (1.19%), N (0.083%), P (4.30 mg kg-1), K (128.9 mg kg-1) and lower pH (7.64) of the soil were detected in plots treated with 100% P from FYM. Among P management ratios, 50% P from SSP + 50% P from PM or FYM had better impact on wheat crop than other ratios as well as sole application of FYM, PM and SSP. Significantly taller plants (98.8 cm) with maximum crop growth rate (17.1 g m-2 day-1), leaf area tiller-1 (118.5 cm2), leaf area index (3.98), spikes m-2 (297), grains spike-1 (48.9), thousand grains weight (42.98 g), biological yield (12391 kg ha-1), grain yield (4367 kg ha-1), harvest index (35.2%), grain N concentration (2.05%), straw N concentration (0.38%), crude protein (12.82 %), straw P concentration (0.17%), grain P concentration (0.38%), straw P uptake (13.7 kg ha-1), grain P uptake (16.5 kg ha-1), total P uptake (30.2 kg ha-1) and phosphorus use efficiency (25.3%) was recorded in wheat crop by the application of 50% P from PM + 50% from SSP. Enhanced leaves, stem, spikes and total dry weight (106.0, 419.8, 111.5 and 637.3 g m-2 respectively at heading stage and 78.8, 521.6, 643.8 and 1244.2 g m-2 respectively at physiological maturity stage) was maintained by wheat plants at 50% P from PM + 50% from SSP. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) significantly improved plant height (95.8 cm), leaf area tiller-1 (110.5 cm2), leaf area index (3.65), crop growth rate (16.3 g m-2 day-1), total tillers m-2 (328), spikes m-2 (276), grains spike-1 (46.7), thousand grains weight (41.47 g), grain yield (4014 kg ha-1), biological yield (11754 kg ha-1), harvest index (34.1%), grain N concentration (1.78 %), crude protein (11.15 %), straw P concentration (0.16 %), grain P concentration (0.36%), straw P uptake (12.5 kg ha-1), grain P uptake (14.6 kg ha-1), total P uptake (27.1 kg ha-1), phosphorus use efficiency (22.0 %), soil organic matter (1.04 %) and soil total P (3.69 mg kg-1). PSB application maintained higher leaves, stem, spike and total dry weight (103.7, 406.6, 109.2 and 619.5 g m-2 respectively) at heading stage and leaves, stem, spike and total dry weight (75.5, 495.8, 618.2 and 1189.5 g m-2 respectively) at physiological maturity stage. Delayed heading (114 days) and physiological maturity (144 days) with high soil pH (7.66) was recorded in plots not sown with PSB treated seeds. It is concluded that PSB in combination with 50% P from SSP + 50% from PM or FYM performed better as far as growth, yield characteristics and yield of wheat and in this manner prescribed for higher productivity of wheat crop in the agro climatic state of Peshawar-Pakistan.