وہ غیروں سے پیمان کرنے لگا ہے
سرا سر ہی نقصان کرنے لگا ہے
تمھاری توجہ، تمھارا تبسم
مرے غم کا درمان کرنے لگا ہے
تغافل ، جفائیں ، ستم کاریاں
بہت مجھ پہ احسان کرنے لگا ہے
مقام تشکر ہے وہ اب تو مجھ پر
دل و جان قربان کرنے لگا ہے
نظر لگ نہ جائے کہ تائبؔ کی خاطر
وہ راحت کے سامان کرنے لگا ہے
Renewable energy sources are highly recommended in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) applications. The power converters play an important role in hybrid electric vehicle system. The design of control system for such converters is discussed in the paper. The design of both DC-DC dual input converter and 3 phase VSC is done using MATLAB simulation. The design of SVPWM technique is presented for three phase VSC and PI control is for DC-DC converter. By the integration of this system a 3 phase induction motor will be operated, which in turn can be utilized for running of shaft of any vehicle. The dual input converter feed by two sources one is PV system and other is battery which is being charged by the PV system.
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Individual Innovation: A Case Study of Selected Pakistani Organizations Individual innovation provides basis for high competitiveness and improves fires performance. These are the
employees whose capacity and capability for creativity and innovation provides the organization foundation
for improved-performance and sustainable competitive advantage. The topic of individual innovation and
creativity is of greater interest for organizations and entrepreneurs because individual innovation gives birth
to firm-level innovation. Employee innovativeness not only enables an organization to choose from a broader
range of products and procedures but also facilitates the organization to constantly adapt to a changing
environment and to establish competitive advantages in strategic competition.
This variety provides the organization with flexibility with which it can respond to external demands and
opportunities. Thus, employee innovations can be the inputs for a firm to innovate. However, research in this
area is still at nascent stage in Asia Pacific, particularly in South Asia. In Pakistan, more specifically, no such
efforts have been made to study individual innovation in context to its antecedent factors.
This study developed and tested a model of individual innovation and its four antecedent factors; creativity,
self-leadership, knowledge management and culture. Data was collected from 227 respondents from thirty five
randomly selected manufacturing organizations in Pakistan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to
extract the factors and measuring factor loadings for each construct. Construct reliability was tested using
Cronbach's Alpha. Finally, Path Analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized model. The entire criteria for
model-fit were achieved successfully. Results showed that creativity had a positive relationship with individual
innovation.
A significant mediating role of creativity was found for self-leadership and knowledge management (KM).The
data did not support the last hypothesis and showed no significant indirect positive effect of culture on
individual innovation. Although a small positive indirect effect was found but that was statistically non-
significant.