انگریزی ذریعہ تعلیم ہماری ضرورت
پاکستان ایک ترقی پذیر ملک ہے اس میں رہنے والے لوگ اتنے تعلیم یافتہ نہیں ہیں جتنے دیگر ممالک کے لوگ علم سے بہرہ ور ہیں۔ اس کی وجوہات اور بھی بہت سی ہیں ان میں ایک وجہ انگریزی سے عدم دلچسپی ہے۔ انگلش لینگوئج سیکھے بغیر ہم دیگر اقوام کے ہم پلہ ہونے کا دعوی نہیں کر سکتے۔ اس لیے کہ کسی قوم کے نشیب وفراز ، افراط وتفریط اور اس کے اسباب کا اندازہ لگانا ہو تو اس کی زبان پر گرفت انتہائی ضروری ہے۔ ازاں بعد ہی ہم اپنی خوبیوں اور خامیوں کا اس سے موازنہ کر سکتے ہیں اور ترقی کی راہ میں آنیوالی رکاوٹوں کا سد باب کر سکتے ہیں۔ دیگر اقوام کا مطالعہ ہی ان کی تاریخ سے آشناکرتا ہے اور پھر وہ اسباب جن کی بدولت اس اقوام پر تنزل اور ترقی کا دور گزرا اس سے آگاہی ہوتی ہے۔ آج کل ترقی یافتہ اقوام اسی زبان سے وابستہ ہیں۔ اس لیے اس کو ذریعہ تعلیم بنانا اس لحاظ سے ضروری ہے۔
انگریزی ایک بین الاقوامی زبان ہے اور متعددممالک میں بولی اور سمجھی جاتی ہے پھر اپنی اقتصادی اور معاشی ترقی کے لیے اس کی تفہیم کی اشد ضرورت ہے۔ ہماری نئی نسل اس زبان سے واقفیت کی بدولت ہی معیاری قسم کی ملازمتوں سے فائدہ اُٹھاسکتی ہیں۔ انگریزی سے واقفیت کی بنا پر ہم اپنے تعلیمی معیار کو بلند کر سکتے ہیں ، دیگر ممالک کی جامعات میں تعلیم حاصل کر سکتے ہیں۔ بلکہ تدریسی فرائض سرانجام دے سکتے ہیں۔ آج کل اکثرممالک اس زبان کی طرف خصوصی توجہ دے رہے ہیں۔ اور انہوں نے اپنے اپنے تعلیمی اداروں میں شروع سے ہی انگلش کوذریعہ تعلیم بنایا ہے۔
پاکستان میں بھی انگلش میڈیم سکول سسٹم کا اجرا ہو چکا ہے اور ہمارے ارباب...
Travancore was the first and foremost among the princely states of India to receive the message of Jesus Christ. According to tradition, St. Thomas the Apostle came to India in 52 A.D. He made many conversions along the west coast of India. It had to the beginning of the Christian Community in India from the early Christian era. He attained martyrdom in 72 A.D. At Calamina in St. Thomas mount, Madras. He was the first to be sacrificed for the sake of Christ in India. During the close of the second century A.D. The Gospel reached the people of southern most part of India, Travancore. Emperor Constantine deputed Theophilus to India in 354 A.D. To preach the Gospel. During this time the persecution of Christians in Persia seemed to have brought many Christian refugees to Malabar coast and after their arrival it strengthened the Christian community there. During the 4th century A.D. Thomas of Cana, a merchant from West Asia came to Malabar and converted many people. During the 6th century A.D. Theodore, a monk, visited India and reported the existence of a church and a few Christian groups at Mylapore and the monastery of St. Thomas in India. Joannes De Maringoly, Papal Legate who visited Malabar in 1348 has given evidence of the existence of a Latin Church at Quilon. Hosten noted many settlements from Karachi to Cape Comorin and from Cape Comorin to Mylapore. The Portuguese were the first European power to establish their power in India. Under the Portuguese, Christians experienced several changes in their general life and religion. Vas-co-da-gama reached Calicut on May 17, 1498. His arrival marked a new epoch in the history of Christianity in India. Many Syrian Catholics were brought into the Roman Catholic fold and made India, the most Catholic country in the East. Between 1535 to 1537 a group of Paravas were converted to Christianity by the Portuguese. In 1544 a group of fishermen were converted to Christian religion. St. Francis Xavier came to India in the year 1542. He is known as the second Apostle of India. He laid the foundation of Latin Christianity in Travancore. He could make many conversions. He is said to have baptized 30,000 people in South India. Roman Congregation of the propagation of Faith formed a Nemom Mission in 1622. The conversion of the Nairs was given much priority. As a result, several Nairs followed Christian faith particularly around Nemom about 8 k.m. South of Trivandrum. Ettuvitu pillaimars, the feudal chiefs began to persecute the Christians of the Nemom Mission. Martyr Devasahayam, belonged to the Nair community and was executed during the reign of Marthandavarma (1729-1758). It is an important chapter in the History of Christianity in South India in general, and of Travancore in particular.
The research was carried out with purpose of finding the relationship between Demographic variables and investment preferences. Contextual difference and inclusion of demographics as independent as well as new dimension of investment preferences made the study unique and novel in its essence. While adopting Leimberg financial management model the study sought for the basic inputs of resources allocation it had gone through regression and correlation analysis of 382 business students as sample. Empirical result of the correlation matrix are showing a positive significant correlation between modes of investment and annual savings whereas risk tolerance exhibits the same with gender, annual savings, age, experience and annual income and location except occupation which shows significant but negative correlation. The matrix also shows an insignificant correlation among modes of investment, gender, age, experience, annual income, occupation and location. Liquidity have a significant correlation with gender, age, education, experience, annual income, annual savings, occupation and location. Regression analysis depicts significant relationship between Modes of Investment and experience at job, Income, savings and location as evident from t-values -2.024, -3.610, 2.454 and p-values 0.044, 0.0000, 0.015, 0.000 respectively. Similar results were found for liquidity with Education and Savings given by t-values -2.129, 2.190 and p-values -0 .620, 0.029 respectively. Whereas Risk tolerance have significant results with Gender, Savings and Location shown by the t-values 2.037, 2.886, 58 and p –values .042, 0.004, and 0.000 respectively. However an insignificance relationship was found between Modes of Investment and Gender, Age and Education indicated by t-values-1.335, 0.049, -1.134 and p-values -0.543,0.005, and -0.445 respectively. Liquidity with Gender, Age, Experience, Income and Occupation given by t-values 0.117, 0.076, -1.220, -0.708,-0.144 and p-values .009, 006,-.120,-.075 and -.011 respectively. Similarly Risk Tolerance also evidenced insignificant relationship with Age, Education, Experience, Income and Occupation exhibited by their t-values -1.290, .638, -.035, -1.886, all less than 2 and p-values above 0.05 respectively. Key words: Investment Preferences, Risk Tolerance, Liquidity, Modes of investment preference.