سندھی ہندو سیرت نگار

The people of Sindh throughout history remain always very tolerate with one another personal belief. In this context the first person who write down the biography of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Sindhi language was a Hindu namely Lal chand amr dino mal jugtiani, his book “Muhammad Rasoolullah P.B.U.H.” published in 1911 A.D. He not only written biography but also condemn those prejudice orientalist as well as native masses against their extremes behavior on pious character and caliber of noble Prophet of Islam. He along with other few notable writers namely Jath mal pursaram guljarani “Paighmbar-i- Islam”. Amar lal vasan mal hingorani “Mir Muhammad Arabi” 1947 A.D and an English book translated by Hout chand dial mal jughtyani “Isalm jo Paighabar” 1931 A.D. In this article researcher highlights their work along with their brief life sketch.

Development and Analysis of Batch and Continuous Crystallization Models

This thesis presents the development and simulation of batch and continuous crystallization models. Especially, models are derived for simulating batch and continuous enantioselec- tive preferential crystallization processes in single and coupled crystallizers. Such processes are highly important in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The effects of nucleation, growth, and fines dissolution phenomena on the crystal size distribution (CSD) are inves- tigated. For the first time continuous preferential crystallization is investigated and the effects of different seeding and operating strategies on the process are analyzed. To judge the quality of the process some goal functions are used, such as purity, productivity, yield and mean crystal size of the preferred enantiomer. The semi-discrete high resolution finite volume schemes (HR-FVS) and the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method are proposed for solving these models. The resulting systems of ordinary differential equa- tions (ODEs) are solved by using explicit and nonlinearly stable high order Runge- Kutta method. The schemes satisfy the total variation bounded (TVB) property which guarantees the positivity of the schemes, for example the non-negativity of CSD in the present case. The suggested methods have capabilities to capture sharp discontinuities and narrow peaks of the CSD. In DG-schemes, the accuracy of the method can be improved by introducing additional nodes in the same solution element and, thus, avoids the expansion of mesh stencils which is normally observed in high order finite volume schemes. For that reason, the method can be easily applied up to boundary cells without loosing accuracy. It was found that the proposed numerical schemes have the capability to solve the given models more efficiently and accurately. The results support process design and optimization.