2015ء میں اشاعت کے زیور سے آراستہ ہونے والی اس نادر تحقیق کو پروفیسر عبید الحق نے مغربی بنگال کی وزیر اعلی محترمہ ممتابز جی کے ہام کیا ہے۔ (19) ۔ پرو فیسر عبد الحق نے اقبال کی نظم مسجد قرطبہ کا یہ مصرع بھی لکھا ہے ۔
خوش دل و گرم اختلاط ، ساده ورویش جبیں (20)
اور اصل اقبال کے مختصر تعارف اور کلام کے انتخاب کو مد نظر رکھ کر یہ مونوگراف تیار کیا گیا ہے۔ آج اختصار کا چلن عام ہے۔ ناول کی جگہ ناولٹ ، مقالہ کی جگہ مقالچے اور افسانے کی جگہ افسانچے کا رواج ہے۔ اس بات کو مد نظر رکھ کر فاضل مصنف نے مختصر اً اقبال کی زندگی ،کتب، فارسی اور اردو کلام پیش کیا ہے۔ مقصد یہ ہے کہ اقبالیات سے شغف رکھنے والے قاری بیزار نہ ہوں ۔
A thorough critical analysis of human history highlights that the clash of civilizations centered on themes of conflict, war, and struggle. Historical experts use the word encounter to interpret or explain these relations among civilizations. Trade played a vital role in flourishing these ties, however, conflict and encounter have also been a part of almost all the phases or eras of human history. Developing nations have always looked up to the western world as a role model of economic and military progression, but this philosophy has also resulted in the escalation of tensions among these nations. World peace faces daunting challenges and is one of the most talked-about human concerns in the present times. Islam is currently being challenged by the western world in terms of the right interpretation of religious teachings and the true message of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Islam is still struggling to make its mark in the present world order, particularly after the 9/11 incident which painted Muslims as terrorists and fundamentalists. It is quite evident that the world is divided into factions or groups, where one group is the torchbearer of Islam and religious teachings, while the second group endorses western ideals or secularism. According to Samuel Huntington, it won’t be wrong to say that the next ideological challenge that the world faces after the ultimate demise of the Soviet Union is Islam and the prospective clash between the East and the West in the 21st century will be the most discussed topic. The present-day relationship between the East and the West is based upon rivalry. This conflict is not a new area of research and is centuries old. The only solution to this problem is to promote global peace and harmony and facilitate dialogue among nations. This would help in creating a social system that can center on values, harmony, peace, and love. Also, Iqbal’s philosophy can act as a guiding stone and can help in resolving this crisis. Iqbal’s universal social reconstruction theory highlights how different civilizations can live together and can facilitate constructive dialogue to improve civilizational ties. This article aims to incorporate the teachings of Iqbal, especially the universal social reconstruction theory to propose solutions for inter-civilizational clashes. This article aims to use the teachings of Iqbal as a beacon of light to promote constructive dialogue and peaceful coexistence among the two dominant sides of the world, resultantly leading in much prosperous and peaceful world order.
Present age is the age of ICT. Due to the advancement in computer technology, the whole world has turned into a global village. ICT is making magnificent changes in every walk of life including education. Proper use of computer technology is a source to enhance the educational skills, knowledge and teaching methodology. Use of ICT can enhance teachers’ knowledge, skills and competencies. Use of ICT can also improve the quality of teaching and learning. The aim of this study was to check the proper usability of computer labs in public and private secondary schools in Punjab. The objectives of the study were: 1) To compare the availability of ICT facilities in public and private secondary schools’ computer labs; 2) To know the extent to which computer labs are being used in public and private secondary schools; 3) To know about the usefulness of computer labs in public and private secondary schools; 4) To find out the quality of computer labs in public and private secondary schools; 5) To know about the problems that students face to access the computer lab; and 6) To formulate the recommendations for the effective use of computer labs. Following research questions were made to achieve above stated objectives: 1) Is there any significant difference between public and private secondary schools regarding the availability of ICT facilities in computer labs? 2) Are computer labs working effectively at the secondary level both in public and private schools? 3) What is the usefulness of computer labs in public and private secondary schools? 4) What is the standard of quality in maintenance of computer labs in the public and private secondary schools? 5) What are the problems that students face to access the computer lab? The study was descriptive in nature and the quantitative approach was used by the researcher to conduct this study. All the students of secondary level, Head teachers and IT teachers of public and private secondary schools were the target population of the study. The study was delimited to Faisalabad division. A sample of 10% was drawn from accessible population. The clustered stratified random technique was used to select the research subjects for obtaining data. The Head teacher, IT teacher and ten students from each selected sample schools were included the sample. xxi A self-developed questionnaire and a checklist were used as instruments in the study. Three types of questionnaires one for students, one for head teacher and one for IT teacher were developed at five point Likert scale for data collection. The checklist was used to collect data regarding condition and utilization of computer labs. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The Frequencies, Percentage, Mean, and Standard Deviation were used as descriptive statistics for organizing and summarizing data while Chi-square test, Independent Samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used as inferential statistical strategies to analyze data. The study recommends that Provide more ICT facilities in computer labs such as video cameras; multimedia projector; overhead projector; generator; and air conditioner at secondary level school both at the public and private sector; Use of computer lab may be made compulsory for all students at secondary level; One IT teacher is not sufficient; there at least two IT teachers may be appointed at secondary level schools’ computer labs; At least one computer technician may be appointed at the secondary level schools to solve the technical problems of the computer lab; Students may be provided more time to use computer lab; Provide at least one generator, UPS or Solar system to solve the problem of energy crisis; Department may provide sufficient funds for the maintenance of computer labs; Department may provide technical support for the better utilization of ICT resources; and School administration and management may collaboratively make effective plans for the usability of computer labs at the secondary level. It is also recommended that similar studies may be conducted in other provinces of Pakistan to compare the usability of computer labs in public and private sectors at the secondary level.