غلام نبی مہجور(۱۹۴۸۔۱۸۸۰) پسرور ضلع سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ اصل نام غلام نبی اور مہجورؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ (۲۰۰) پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے مہجور نے منشی فاضل کا امتحان پاس کیا اور بدوملہی سکول میں اردو عربی کے استاد مقرر ہوئے۔ اسی ملازمت کے دوران آپ احمدیہ جماعت میں شامل ہو گئے اور تبلیغی خدمات سر انجام دینے لگے۔ آخری عمر میں احمدیہ مسلک سے کنارہ کش ہو گئے۔ (۲۰۱) مہجور کا بیشتر کلام روزنامہ ’’احسان‘‘ اور ’’شباب‘‘ میں چھپتا رہا۔ آپ کی مولانا عبد المجید سالک اور آغا حشر کاشمیری سے اچھی وابستگی تھی۔
قاضی عطاء اﷲ عطا اپنی کتاب ’’شعرائے پسرور‘‘ میں مہجور کی ادبی محفلوں میں شرکت کے بارے میں لکھتے ہیں:
بچپن ہی سے شاعری کے جراثیم آپ کے وجود میں موجود تھے جو آہستہ آہستہ پرورش پا کر بڑے جسیم اور توانا بن کر مختلف مشاعروں اور محافل میں اپنی قوت کا لوہا منوا چکے تھے۔ لہذا کانپور اور رمتھرا کے آل انڈیا مشاعروں میں جہاں سیمابؔ‘ فارغؔ‘ صبا ؔاور جگرؔ وغیرہ شریک ہوتے۔ آپ کا کلام اعلیٰ ترین حسنِ تغزل کو لئے سیماب جیسے شعراء کو سیماب پا کر دیتا۔(۲۰۲)
بہت کوشش کے باوجود مہجور کا مکمل کلام بازیاب نہیں ہو سکا۔ کچھ غزلیات اور نظمیں ’’تاریخِ پسرور‘‘ اور ’’شعرائے پسرور‘‘ سے دریافت ہوئی ہیں۔
مہجور کی رباعیات اور غزلیات کے مطالعہ سے واضح ہوتا ہے کہ خدا کا شکر‘ حمد و ثنا‘ تقدیر و قسمت اور مسلمانانِ برصغیر کی حالتِ زار مہجور کی شاعری کے اہم موضوعات ہیں:
جہاں میں خواجگی اور بندگی تقسیمِ فطرت ہے عطائے بے سبب پر شکر رحماں کر رہا ہوں میں
کوئی حاسد نہ مانے خواجگی میری تو نہ مانے عدو کو صورتِ سیماب لرزاں کر رہا ہوں میں (۲۰۳)
سلطنت کی کچھ...
A negative feeling that creates displeasure and anger is known as envy. It is produced by the negative attitude towards others, having assets, greater characteristics and fair potential than him. It is a psychological disorder that creates a nuisance in society and leads to social discontent. Such kind of psychological disorder gives rise to hatred and creates an environment of enmity and mistrust. Its magnitude and impact are very high and result in conflicts and jealousy. Such a situation is disliked in Islam and is taken very seriously and rejected at all levels. It is a mental disorder that disturbs the human psyche at local and international levels, resulting in chaos and disorder. Islam guides its followers in particular but humans, in general, to remain away from it to save humanity from anarchy and psychological sickness. Islam respects humanity and guides us to preserve human dignity and values of life. It prescribes detailed solutions to such a problem to preserve human beings. In this paper, an attempt is made and a detailed analysis is provided about its occurrence within the Islamic context and methods of safety are provided to safeguard humans from the malice of envy.
Education is the basic need of every human being that is imparted by the teachers. A teacher needs up to date education which enables him to transfer his knowledge to the new generation appropriately. In order to increase teachers’ professional competencies and effectiveness in implementing the teaching strategies, teachers should always be given training of innovative approaches cropping in the educational system. The aim of present study was to critically analyze the innovative approaches applied in teacher education in Pakistan. The objectives of the study were to find the innovative approaches of teacher education in Pakistan and extension of innovative approaches those are employed in teacher education in Pakistan. This study was also focused on analysing male and female prospective teacher attitude towards the use of innovative approaches in pre-service teacher education in Pakistan. It was a descriptive study and only GCETs of Punjab province were selected for study as other provinces of Pakistan are providing the same education to teachers like GECTs of Punjab. 10 The population of the study consisted of 1535 B.Ed level prospective teachers and 231 teacher educators of formal education in the 33 GCETs of the Punjab. Purposive sampling technique was used and 11 GCETs (33 percent) were selected. The sample of prospective teachers was 941 and teacher educators were 86. The data was collected with the help of questionnaires, administrated to prospective teachers and teachers. Percentage of recovered questionnaire responses was 82 percent of prospective teachers and 83 percent of the teacher educators. The data collected were analyzed by using percentage, mean scores, t-test and one way ANOVA. The main findings about teacher educators were that there were 71 teacher educators (46 male and 25 female). There was no significant difference between male and female teacher educators regarding use of CAI, Multimedia, Micro-Teaching technique and other training aids at GCETs. The more professional teaching experience at B.Ed level of teacher educators had increased the efficiency of prospective teachers like aware about of innovative approaches, usage of training aids and dealing with the problems of innovative approaches. There was significant difference between male and female prospective teachers about the use of CAI and multimedia. The hostel resident’s prospective teachers were using teaching aids more as compared to the day scholars. The main conclusion about teacher educators indicated that despite teacher educators had different academic and professional qualification, total teaching experience and total professional teaching experience, all had similar opinion regarding use of different innovative approaches in teachers’ education in Pakistan. On the other hand, conclusion about prospective teachers projected that they were 11 of the same opinion regarding the use of innovative approaches (CAI, Multimedia and Micro-Teaching technique) and its factors in teachers’ education in Pakistan. The comparative conclusion of teacher educators and prospective teachers about use of CAI indicated that prospective teachers were more interested in using the computer assisted instruction as compared to their respective class teacher educators. The main recommendations about the use of innovative approaches, it was suggested that Directorate of staff development and provincial institute of teachers education of all provinces may instruct their respective Govt college for elementary teachers to use the innovative approaches during teaching learning process and Directorate of staff development may pursue the funding agencies to provide the requisite funds to their respective Govt. college for elementary teachers to use the other innovative approaches like teleconferences and co-operative learning process.