17. Al-Isra’/The Night Journey
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
17:01
All Glory is to The One WHO took HIS Servant Muhammad for a journey by night,
from the Grand Sacred Masjid in Holy Makkah to the Distant Masjid in Blessed Jerusalem;
the environs of which WE have especially blessed,
so that WE make him see some of OUR Wonders of Almightiness.
Truly HE - HE is All-Listening, and HE is All-Watching.
17:02
And WE granted the Scripture - the Torah - to Moses, and
made it a source of guidance for Descendants of Jacob.
Saying:
‘Do not take anyone - metaphorically or hypothetically - for a guardian other than ME!
17:03
You are all descendants of those whom WE carried in the Ark with Noah.
He was truly a grateful servant!’
17:04
And WE warned Descendants of Jacob about OUR Decision in their Scripture:
‘You will definitely create and promote corruption in the land twice, and
you will indeed exalt yourselves’ with haughtiness and become grossly overbearing.
And thus you will be punished twice.
17:05
So when the first of these two warnings came true - as the Descendants of Jacob were tuned to sinful disobedience;
WE raised against you OUR servants, people of great power - the Babylonians.
And they ravaged your homes and caused havoc throughout the land.
And it was thus a warning fulfilled!
17:06
Then WE returned to you another chance of victory against them after you had repented,
and strengthened you with wealth/prosperity and sons/manpower,
and made you even more numerous in soldiery than ever.
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Many western scholars have tried to interpret the Holy Qur’an into other languages of the world. William Montgomery Watt and Robert Spencer are included in the list of those commentators of the Qur’an who have presented their Quranic commentary in English language. But while interpreting the verses of the Holy Qur’an about the life, character and teachings of the Holy Prophet both the scholars have fabricated the teachings of the Holy Qur’an. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the interpretation of both western writers about the verses of Sūrah al-Aḥzāb in which the necessary information about the marriage of Prophet Muhammad with Hazrat Zainab has been discussed. Through the text analysis method and comparative and analytical approach, this article has raised some of the errors and propaganda elements found in the commentaries of both the Western scholars. The article proves that the writings of Western scholars like this need to be refined and scrutinized carefully in maintaining the sanctity of Islam and respecting the rights of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This paper concludes that all such allegations are either based on fabricated historical reports or false interpretations and misunderstanding of the facts.
Being a visible contaminant, dye presence in aqueous media make it unfit for drinking use. Various efforts to treat this type of contamination are being done now a days. Use of some heat stable adsorbents is an appropriate and safe method to uptake colorant particles. Synthetic inorganic porous polymers like silica and titania are best to remove cationic particles of basic dyes. Practical efforts have been done using such simple materials and their composites. The whole phenomenon was optimized using quantitative parameters like temperature, dye molecule concentration, amount of added adsorbent, equilibrium time required and concentration of hydrogen ions etc. Points of zero charge for MPS, MPT, MPST, MPSF and MPS-NH2 were 2.4, 6.2, 5.6, 6.3 and 7.6 respectively. Optimum value of pH was observed in range of 7 to 8 for adsorption of all dyes by MPS and MPST with qe value upto 46 mg/g. These two adsorbent showed the highest adsorption capacities at optimum pH. Optimum time for Basic Blue XGRRL 250was 90 min with adsorption capacity 45.3 and 47.3 by MPS and MPST. Equilibrium was achieved for Golden yellow, Red-3R and T-blue at 90 min, 60 to 90 min and 90 min using MPS and MPST as adsorbents. Highest adsorption capacities were in range of 43 to 47 mg/g for these dyes using both adsorbents. Optimum dose of all adsorbents for adsorption of all dyes was 25 mg. However, qe values were different i.e. 71, 65, 74, 57, 27 mg/g for MPS, MPT, MPST, MPSF and MPS-NH2, respectively. In adsorption of Blue-XXRGL. In case of Golden yellow, Red-3R and T-blue highest qe values were 62 mg/g for MPS, 69 mg/g for MPST and 68 mg/g for MPST. Highest adsorption capacities at 300 mg/g concentration of all dye solutions were 93 and 88 mg/g for MPS and MPST in case ofBlue-XXRGL. For Golden yellow, Red-3R and T-blue, at concentration of 300 mg/L, the highest qe values were 83, 90 and 93 mg/g for MPS and87, 88 and90 mg/g for MPST composite. As adsorption of all dyes was exothermic so maximum qe values were observed at 303 K for all dyes. Presence of CTAB surfactant decreased adsorption capacities of all adsorbents. It was mostsignificant for MPS and MPST. In presence of Mg(NO3), Mg ion decreased qe values due to its high charge density and competition with dye molecules. Adsorption capacities by MPS and MPST were observed 24.3 and 25.5mg/g, 24.3 and 21.6 mg/g, 24.5 and 21.3 mg/g and 26.5 and 19.6 mg/g for Blue-XXRGL, Golden yellow, Red-3R and T-blue respectively. Adsorption capacities of other adsorbents were also decreased in range of 20 to 25 mg/g.RSM analysis told about interaction of levels of two factors. Langmuir equilibrium model was found best as with highest coefficient of determination among all other models. Similarly pseudo second order kinetic equation explained better the phenomenon in case of almost all time variation based experiments. Spontaneity of process was predicted by finding the values of thermodynamic parameters like enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and free energy change (ΔG). Characterization of materials was done by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET and BJH analysis to study surface morphology, crystalinity, functional sites, surface area and pore diameter. All experimental values were noted three times and shown with standard deviation.