جان ون سنک کا انتقال
لیڈن کے مشہور مستشرق ڈاکٹر ایرنٹ جان ون سنک کا گزشتہ ستمبر میں انتقال ہوگیا، یوروپین مستشرقین میں ڈاکٹر موصوف کے علم و فضل کا پایہ نہایت بلند تھا، وہ ۱۸۸۲ء میں پیدا ہوئے، ۱۹۱۲ء میں لیڈن یونیورسٹی میں عربی کے لکچرر مقرر ہوئے، اور پھر ۱۹۲۷ء میں اس کے شعبہ عربی کی صدارت تفویض ہوئی، وہ انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام کے چیف اڈیٹر بھی تھے۔
ان کو شروع میں سامی زبان سے بڑی دلچسپی تھی، چنانچہ انھوں نے سامی علاماتی تخیل پر بہت سے مضامین لکھے، اس کے بعد وہ سریانی زبان کی طرف مائل ہوئے اور اس زبان کے صوفیانہ لٹریچر کا گہرا مطالعہ کیا اور برہیرس کی Book of Dove اور Mystical Treatises of Isaac of Ninerer کا ترجمہ کیا، پھر سریانی زبان کے صوفیانہ لٹریچر کے نئی معلومات کے نام سے ایک کتاب بھی لکھی۔
مگر وہ اسلامیات کے ایک مستند عالم کی حیثیت سے زیادہ مشہور تھے، فن حدیث پر انھوں نے مندرجہ ذیل کتابیں لکھیں:
(1) Mohammeden de joden te Medina.
(2) Handbook of early Muhamaden tradition.
(3) Concordonce et Indices de la tradition Masulmane.
(4) The Muslim Creed.
انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام میں مختلف موضوع پر ان کے مضامین بکثرت ہیں۔
(صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مارچ ۱۹۴۰ء)
Resentation of Human Rights is the crox of Islam. The way Islam preserves Human Rights is examplary. It offers the first ever charter of Human Rights. Service to huminity is considered the highest ever and the most rewarding deed by a muslim. Islam acceeds to a cohesive social set-up where there is a fine balance between rights and responsibilities. A muslim government looks after all its citizens, be they muslims are non-muslims. In the contemporary world UN reverbation of Islamic concept of Human Rights.
Language is a means of communication. Language is the recognition of a nation and the custodian of the culture in a society. Among the various languages of Pakistan, Urdu enjoys a unique status as national language. It is not only a lingua franca but also a means of unifying the whole nation as well. Urdu is taught as a compulsory subject up to higher secondary level. Teaching of Urdu language has been a very chronicle problem since long. A general outcome shows that Urdu is taken for granted as an easier subject, so no extra measures and arrangements are made in its teaching. There was a dire need to review this problem in order to find out the remedial measures. This research is an effort to find a clue for the said purpose. The research study includes both pedagogical and linguistic aspects keeping in view the ground realities. The first chapter deals with a comprehensive introduction and teaching importance of Urdu language whereas the second chapter relates to the pedagogical concepts associated with its teaching. Third chapter deals with the skills covering listening, speaking, reading and writing problems faced by the learners residing in all the areas of this country. Fourth chapter follows the art of written mode, punctuation, annotation and pronunciation problems. Fifth chapter deals with teaching of prose, poetry, grammar and composition. An overall summary and analysis has been given in the last chapter. Besides this, it includes conclusions and recommendations for the improvement of existing situation and further research. I hope this research may prove a useful addition in the realm of teaching Urdu as a language.