Association of Serum Ferritin with Risk of Anemia in Non-Diabetic Adolescents with Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Controversy occurs in the relationship between serum ferritin levels, insulin resistance and risk of developing anemia in adolescents with family history of diabetes. Aims & Objectives: This study was designed to find out the association between serum ferritin levels with risk of developing anemia in non-diabetic adolescents with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was conducted in a local medical institute of Lahore. Study included 50 non-diabetic, non-obese male / female adolescent with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy male/female non-obese adolescents without family history of T2DM considered as controls. Level of serum ferritin and serum insulin was estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Blood glucose was estimated by auto-analyzer. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR index and beta cell function was assessed by HOMA- beta index. Results: Levels of fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance were found to be increased with decreased level of serum ferritin and decrease beta cell function in both male as well as female cases as compared to controls. Negative correlation was found between serum ferritin and insulin resistance while a positive correlation was found between serum ferritin and beta cell function. Conclusions: Low level of serum ferritin is associated with reduced beta cell function and increased insulin resistance. This may increase the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia that can affect both immune system as well as increase susceptibility to infections.

Students? Perception of School Climateand its Relationshipwith Their Academic Achievement Atsecondaryschool Level in Zarghoontown Quetta

This study aims to see the perceptions of students about school climate and its relationship with students? academic achievement of Zarghoon Town Quetta. The study is co relational in nature in order to describe the levels of school climate in light of the students? perceptions and its relationship with their academic achievement. All Government High Schools students of Zarghoon town, Quetta, Baluchistan under the jurisdiction of BBISE Quetta have constituted the population of the study. The total students? population of 19 public Secondary High Schools 10 th Class is 1640. L.R. Gay rule was followed in sample selection; total 20% students (328 students), was taken as a sample. Data was collected from students of Public Sector Secondary Schools through adapted 5 point Likert type-scale items from (ED School Climate Surveys (EDSCLS) Administration) National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments after ensuring its validity and reliability from a panel of experts from the field of education. The proper pilot testing procedure was adopted and some corrections were made to the final survey (SCSSQ). The academic achievement of each student was calculated by the results of the selected Public Sector Boys Secondary Level Schools from the Balochistan Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Quetta, of class 10 th who appeared in the annual exam, 2018 of 9 th Class. The researcher personally visited each school in Zarghoon town, Quetta to collect data from the respondents. Data were analyzed through SPSS and reliability was checked through Cronbach?s alpha. One sample t-test was used to know the perception of students, and Pearson Correlation was carried out for the relationship of school climate to the student academic achievements. The result of this study shows that according to the student?s opinion the school climate is important for student?s success in schools. Further, there is a positive relationship between school climate and students? academic achievements. Keywords: School Climate, Academic Achievement, Students Perception, Academic, Communal, Care& Safety.