محمد اقبال منہاس
محمد اقبال منہاس(۱۹۴۱ئ۔۱۹۹۰ئ) نام اور اقبالؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ آپ کے آبائو اجداد کا تعلق پسرور سے تھا۔ آپ کے والد ملازمت کے سلسلے میں عراق میں مقیم تھے۔ جہاں اقبال منہاس پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ نے انٹر سے ایم ۔انگلش تک تعلیم گورنمنٹ مرے کالج سیالکوٹ سے حاصل کی۔ انھوں نے انگریزی ادب میں ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری بھی حاصل کی ۔آپ دوران طالب علمی’’ مرے کالج میگزین ‘‘کے حصہ اردو کے مدیر بھی رہے۔ اور اسی کالج میں بحیثیت استاد بھی کام کیا۔ (۹۲۹) منہاس کے علمی و ادبی ،تحقیقی و تنقیدی مضامین اور غزلیں ’’شمع‘‘ ،دہلی ،’’سیپ‘‘، ’’فنون‘‘ ،’’اوراق‘‘،’’افکار‘‘ اور ’’رابطہ‘‘ میں شائع ہو چکی ہیں۔ آپ کا ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’آبِ گریزاں‘‘ شائع ہو چکا ہے جسے معروف شاعر طاہر نظامی نے مرتب کیا ہے۔ ’’آب گریزاں‘‘ میں نظمیں ،غزلیں ،قطعات اور رباعیات شامل ہیں۔
اقبال منہاس کی شاعری کے لہجے میں نیا پن پایا جاتا ہے۔ ان کے ہاں موضوعات کی جدت، جدید حسیات اور نئی لفظیات ملتی ہیں۔
اقبالؔ ایک حساس شاعر اور حساس انسان ہیں ۔ وہ عام انسانوں کے مقابلے میں معاشرہ میں ہونیوالی نا انصافیوں اور استحصال کو جلد محسوس کرتے ہیں۔ اقبال منہاس اپنے ارد گرد ظلم ، معاشی و سماجی نا ہمواری اور انسانی بے بسی کو دیکھتے ہیںتو خاموش تماشائی نہیں بنتے۔ ان کی شخصیت اور شاعری میں ایک محتاط رویہ بھی ملتا ہے۔ اور وہ دوسروں کو بھی یہ رویہ اپنانے کی تلقین کرتے نظر آتے ہیں۔ کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
وہ لوگ پھول سے کومل وجود رکھتے ہیں
وہ جن کے دامن رنگین میں خار ہوتے ہیں
شمع جلے نہ کوئی پھول ہی کھلے جن پر
وہی تو اہلِ وفا کے مزار ہوتے ہیں (۹۳۰)
انسان کی عظمتوں کا کسے پاس ہے یہاں
یہ چیز گنج دہر میں...
This study aims to analyze the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Employee Performance through Work Stress at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I. This research method is an explanatory research, the analysis unit in this study is employees who work in the Directorate General of Customs and Excise Office. East Java I region, which consists of 80 structural officials, 79 functional officials and 1323 executive staff. The method of collecting research data using a questionnaire. The results showed that organizational culture affects the work stress of employees at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I, this shows that organizational culture is able to increase the work stress of employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java. Organizational culture influences the performance of the employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I, this shows that with a good and appropriate organizational culture, it is able to increase the performance of the employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I. New organizational culture that also improves Employee stress, namely the imposition of input into daily work activity reports by employees in the daily logbook through an internet-based application with details on the types of activities, time norms, achievement targets and employee daily problems for all levels of employees, both structural, functional and executive.
Maize is third important cereal crop in Pakistan and is used for both feed and fodder purpose. It is a good source of protein which is not only important in the human body but also widely used in the industry. Zein is a valuable maize protein that is hydrophobic in nature. It has potential use in different industries. The objective of research was to extract and explore potential of zein as an antimicrobial agent, moisture barrier and as an encapsulating material. In present study, zein was extracted from five different indigenous maize varieties by using three different concentration of ethanol (60%, 75% and 90%). The extracted zein was characterized to check its functional properties, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. Zein is used for encapsulation of bioactive compounds and essential oils. Ginger oil was encapsulated in zein and zein/gum Arabic combination. Ginger oil has been used for many times as medicine. Its compounds are important for curing different diseases especially gastrointestinal diseases. The encapsulated material was then characterized by different analysis for structural properties and morphological properties.Controlled release of oil from nanocapsules was also determined. The encapsulated material was used in product development to evaluate its availability. The product was analyzed for different parameters and its dough rheology was also checked. It was stored for two months. All the data obtained was statistically analyzed. Agaiti-2002 was found best among these five varieties as it has higher protein and fibre content. In mineral profile zinc was found higher in this variety and zein extraction was also found maximum in this variety at all three levels of ethanol percentage and it may be due to high protein percent in this variety. The zein extracted from this variety was also higher in antioxidant potential and functional properties which included foaming properties and emulsifying properties. So Agaiti-2002 was selected for zein extraction and further analyses of zein. Zein/ ginger oil nanoparticles were produced in size 200-500nm and no structural change occur in encapsulating material during production of nanoparticles. After reconstituting lyophilized nanoparticles powder dispersions prepared at different pH which presented the steady release of ginger oil at a lower pH in minimum time. Zein and zein/gum Arabic combination used in production of bread by supplementing flour and significant improvement in physical dough characteristics and internal characteristics of bread was seen.