The Universality and Scope of Justice in Islam

Definition of justice and its scope is something about what legal and political philosophers could never reach a unified position throughout a history. In these days, many in the West are trying to present Islam and its law and justice as something utterly uncivilized, unjust, cruel, and outdated and of no use in modern world. Positivist's concept of justice that prevails in the world today, mostly based on temporary secular-materialistic values, is in most of the cases opposed to the eternal principles and rules laid down by God Almighty. Justice according to the early proponents of Natural law, if not based on the universal values in itself is not justice, and as such is doomed to failure. Today we are witnessing the kind of global justice that threatens even to destroy humanity.  The present article is an effort to find out the most suitable definition of justice according to the Islamic law, and present the concept of universality and scope of justice in Islam in a way to show the absolute God's principles and values are unchangeable and everlasting, and only rightful solution to be followed today.

Synthesis of Metal Halide Perovskite Materials for Light Harvesting Applications

The work described here deals with the synthesis and characterization of inorganic and hybrid perovskite for light harvesting applications. The inorganic lead and copper based metal halide perovskites were prepared and their fluorescent sensing ability was explored. The all-inorganic bulk CsCuCl3 and CsCuBr3 perovskites were synthesized by wet chemical method and were used for sensing of lead ions and aqueous contamination in DMF respectively. On the other hand, aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) technique was adopted to fabricate thin films of CsPbBr2I. The oleylamine capping agent facilitates the formation of morphological controlled microsquares on the glass substrate. In addition, nanosquares of CsPbBr2I perovskite were prepared by wet chemical approach. Furthermore, phase pure micro sized crystals of CsPbBr2I were obtained by using TOP as antisolvent as well as capping agent to control morphology of microcrystals. These microcrystals were then used for nitrophenol detection. The CsPbBr2I bulk perovskite were used to fabricate ZnO based planner solar cell which have shown promising power conversion efficiency of 4.8%. The as-prepared metal halide perovskite were characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (pXRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, thermal and water stable OHNH3PbX3 hybrid perovskites were prepared for photocatalysis application to degrade dye molecules. Whereas, the synthesis of (Cs)x(PhNH3)2-xPbBr4-xIx perovskite nanoparticles were performed to develop qusai-2D structures. The replacement of B site cations to develop lead free CH3NH3Pb1-xCuxBr3 hybrid perovskites was described. The gradual replacement of lead with copper leads to the formation of lead free hybrid perovskite nanoparticles and thin film. These hybrid perovskites have shown interesting optical properties.