خون جگر ہونے تک
اپنی کتاب کا دیباچہ لکھنا توحالیؔ جیسے لوگوں کو جچتا ہے جو دیباچہ لکھیں تو تنقید کی پہلی کتاب وجود پا جائے۔میں تو عاجزانہ طور پر چند عروضی نکات پیش کرنا چاہتا ہوں۔میرا یہ دیباچہ سب کے لیے نہیں ہے۔ اس کی دو وجوہات ہیں۔ ایک تو عروضی بحث اس قدر گنجلک اور پیچیدہ ہوتی ہے کہ ہر کسی کو اس سے شغف نہیں ہوتا اور دوسرا جو لوگ عروض پہ دسترس رکھتے ہیںان کے لیے اس وضاحت کی ضرورت نہیں کیوں کہ وہ عروض پہ اس دیباچے سے بہت بہتر کتابیں پڑھ چکے ہیں۔ یہ دیباچہ فقط ان لوگوں کے لیے ہے جو شعر کہتے ہیں اور عروض میں بھی ٹانگ اڑاتے ہیں اورجب کسی شعر کی بحر سمجھ نہ آئے تو اسے بے وزن کہہ دیتے ہیں۔زیادہ تر ہندی بحر کے سلسلے میںان کا رویہ ایسا ہوتا ہے اوراگر ان کے سامنے کسی بڑے شاعر کا مصرع بہ طور نمونہ رکھ دیا جائے تو وہ اسے بھی بے وزن کہنے سے ذرا نہیں ہچکچاتے۔ فاع فاعلن یا فعَل فعولن ان کی سمجھ سے باہر ہو جاتا ہے۔ دراصل ایسے حضرات ہندی بحر کی چند معروف صورتوں کے سوا باقی صورتوں سے آشنا ہی نہیں۔
میرا یہ شعری مجموعہ ہندی بحر میںہی تخلیق ہوا ہے اور ہندی بحر میں خاصا تنوع پایا جاتا ہے۔ہمارے وہ لوگ جو عروض کو سرسری طور پر جانتے ہیں۔اس بحر کو سمجھنے میں ٹھوکر کھاتے ہیں۔وہ ہندی بحر کی چندمعروف صورتوں سے ہی واقف ہیں۔وہ بس اِسے ہی ہندی بحر سمجھتے ہیں مگر ہندی بحر کی متنوع صورتیں ہیں۔ان حضرات کے سامنے اگر کوئی مختلف صورت آ جائے تو وہ اسے سمجھنے سے قاصر رہتے ہیں کیوں کہ وہ ان صورتوں سے آشنا ہی نہیں اور وہ اسی ناآشنائی میں اس مصرعے کو بے وزن کہہ دیتے...
The Qur'an is the verses of Allah, which Allah Himself has taken assurance to keep safe. And there is no any other opinion in saying that the Holy Qur'an is still safe today as the prophet Muhammadصلى الله عليه وسلم taught to his Companions. Thereafter, it is also obligatory to follow the Qur'anic punctuation and pronunciation during the recitation of holy Quran same as mandatories mentioned in Quran o Hadith and ijma-e-ummah to earnest reading of the Qur'an. The Arabs were linguists, so they stop to the proper place, understanding the meaning. But for the nonArabs, it was a very difficult matter. Therefore, for the onvenience of the people, Allama Sajawandi put symbols in different places in the mus'haf so that these symbols can be dedicated in a suitable place keeping in mind and avoid spiritual error. Allama Sajawandi not only wrote many books on this topic but was the first to formulate endowment symbols on the Holy Quran. He Divide the symbols into five steps and apply them to the Mus'haf, Which are written still today.
Organizational productivity is one of the basic tools to gauge its competitiveness. Research has proven that methodologies for gauging productivity are lacking in industries globally, and mostly non-standard tools are used to measure and evaluate productivity. In Pakistan specifically, not enough efforts have been put in place to gauge and enhance the productivity of manufacturing industry. This research is focused on identifying the prevalent status of productivity in automotive industry of Pakistan and then suggesting a productivity enhancement framework. This mixed methodology research has been conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Sequential explanatory design in combination with sequential exploratory design was used as suggested by Creswell [106]. Quantitative research was conducted by carrying out productivity analysis of the industry using secondary data from sample companies. Authentic government sources, such as Engineering Development Board and two national level associations i.e. Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association (PAMA) and Pakistan Association of Automotive Parts and Accessories Manufacturers of Pakistan (PAAPAM) were consulted for data collection. Secondary data for ten years covering FY 2000-2010 for two major automotive manufacturing firms was gathered. Total Productivity and all partial productivities were computed using methodology proposed by Sumanth [4], while Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was computed using Cobb-Douglas production function. Results gathered showed low productivity status of the industry as compared to that of international industry. In order to develop a productivity enhancement framework, qualitative research was conducted by collecting primary data through qualitative interviews from top management of 26 automotive manufacturing companies. A total of 40 interviews were conducted on the basis of theoretical saturation and theoretical sampling. Open ended questions used for survey were compiled from the internationally published literature for validity and reliability requirements. Using explanatory and descriptive study, role of technology in productivity enhancement of the industry was examined. Findings of this research have been used to develop a productivity enhancement framework for the industry. Developed framework was compared with the framework of 6 different countries, including USA, UK, Sweden, India, China and Thailand [33], [36], [37], [44], [45]. Comparison resulted in emergence of the finalized productivity enhancement framework of the industry. This framework was then implemented in one of the major auto parts manufacturing companies of Pakistan for its validation. Results of the implementation not only validated the model but also depicted that there is an immediate need to implement these concepts for productivity enhancement. The cost- effective solutions suggested in this model and its cross cultural comparisons also show that this model can be used for manufacturing industries in general in the developing countries.