عبد الرحمن الكيلاني وكتابه مترادفات القرآن مع الفروق اللغوية

This article deals with “Synonymy” in Arabic. Generally “Synonymy” is a radical source which keeps language more advanced and developed. The “Synonymy” has gained attention of early Arabic linguists’ and scholars while compiling the sacred language data, for instance two major linguists Abū al-Mālik ibn Qutaybah al-Asma’i and Ibn Khalawayh focused on synonymity of words, eventually they considered memorisation of synonym words as a mark of pride. On the other hand, some other linguists like Abu al-‘Abbās Aḥmed ibn Yaḥy al-Thalb and Abū ‘Alī al-Fārisī have denied the existence of synonymity in Arabic language altogethers. After all, the “Synonymity” of words is considered as a linguistic phenomenon in all languages generally and in Arabic language particularly. A renowned great scholar ‘Abdul Raḥmān al-Kilānī paid countless attention to this linguistic phenomenon and wrote the book the of one is which“مترادف القرآن مع الفروق اللغوية”: entitled comprehensive reference books in the field. He studied Quranic synonyms with their meanings systematically. The article addresses the concept of synonymity with a brief historiography as well as what ‘Abdul Raḥmān al-Kilānī's book brought us in this field.

Stakeholders Perceptions and Action for Addressing Students Dropout in a Government Secondary School in Karachi

This exploratory case study aimed at investigating the stakeholders' perceptions of student dropout during middle and secondary classes. The stakeholders included parents, head teacher, teachers, and dropped out students, and their views were collected for this study. The study was also aimed at exploring the actions of the school management in improving the situation. The study conducted in a government boy's secondary school of a less privileged context. The study aimed to understand the contextual circumstances that led to students' dropout. The sample collected was of students who had dropped out of school in the last three years. In addition, the school identified some students at-risk, who were interviewed as probable dropouts. They were also considered as part of the sample, albeit of a different category. The stakeholders were interviewed in order to locate what factors actually contributed to the dropping out of students. The findings of the study confirm previous studies. Some of the factors contributing to student dropout are socio-economic, academic performance of the students, and repeating the class as a result of failures in examinations. Another factor was peer pressure and low value of education both from parents as well as students. This study also brought out some other interesting factors like school policies that allow students choices to stay away from classes and only appear in examinations, lack of any remedial support to students facing difficulties to cope with the academic demands, and an uninviting school environment. Another factor that was considered both by parents and students was the local environment in which the school was located that was neither very conducive nor safe for students to access school.