A Comparative Study of Employees’ Perception Relating to Performance Appraisal Practices in the Public and Private Banking Sector of Sindh

Performance appraisal is a key human resource practice and source of a motivation for an employee and its success depends on justice perception of an employee towards performance appraisal system. Pakistani banking sector is playing a vital role in the economic growth of the country. Private Banks are innovative and effective in their approach as compared to the public banks. Past studies have compared the public and private banks and found that new private banks are more effective than public banks in terms of technical and economic efficiency. However, there are meager studies available in the context of justice perception of performance appraisal practices in the public and private banks. Data were collected through five-point Likert scale and analyzed with SPSS 24.0 versions. In the result difference of justice is measured by mean differences and independent sample t-test. However, it is found that employees of private banks perceive greater justice as compared to public banks. This study emphasizes the importance of fairness perception of employees in the context of performance appraisal practices and could be used to better understand the problems associated with appraisal practices in public and private banks.

Development Journalism in Pakistan and Indian Print Media: A Comparative Study of Learning English and Urdu Dailies 2012-14

This research explores the developmental journalism in Pakistani and Indian newspapers (Daily Dawn, Daily Jang, Daily Times of India and Daily Sahafat) during 2012 to 2014. The researcher observed fifteen different development categories; education, literacy, health, agriculture, human rights, population control, national integrity, transport & communication, industry, energy, ecology, housing, infrastructural development and economic development during data gathering process. The overall news coverage of development aspects remained only 5.34% in the selected newspapers in which more focused remained on health, education, infrastructural and economic development as health developmental coverage remained 14.76%, education remained 14.74%, infrastructural development 13.54%, economic development 11.71% and agricultural development news coverage remained 10.26% of overall development coverage while population control and national integrity development news remained less than all other development categories. The ratio of favorable developmental news remained more than unfavorable and neutral. The coverage of national development news remained more than international developmental news and less prominent space & placement coverage has been given to development aspects. In this research, eighteen hypotheses were developed and evaluated through content analysis in which fourteen hypotheses proved and four disproved. The study finds out that the Indian newspapers given 3.59% more developmental coverage than the Pakistani newspapers, same as Urdu newspapers given 0.71% more developmental coverage than the English selected dailies. The researcher used two communication theories; development media theory & development communication as theoretical framework. The development media theory support the research as selected newspapers highlighted the problems of society member’s life in development perspective but the newspapers did not use communication in systematic way as the development communication purposed. The study recommended the development journalism trainings for journalists and systematic promotion & implementations of DJ