انصاف قوموں کی زندگی کوتوانا رکھتا ہے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’ انصاف قوموں کی زندگی کوتوانا رکھتا ہے ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
زندگی کی راحتیں، حسرتیں اس وقت اپنے دامن میں سمیٹی جاسکیں گی، جب قلب و ذہن تندرست و توانا ہو، جب دل و دماغ حصولِ راحت ِزیست کے لیے مستعد و تیار ہوں، جب انسان روحانی اور جسمانی طور پر تندرست اور توانا ہو، اور جملہ اعضائے انسانی حیات کے لیے آرزومند اور متمنی ہوں۔
صدرِمحترم!
بیمار اور صاحب ِفراش شخص زندگی کے الطاف کریمانہ سے کما حقہٗ مستفید نہیں ہوسکتا۔ بیمار سوچ اور منفی فکرو غور کا حامل شخص زندگی کی آسائشوں سے کوئی سروکار نہیں رکھتا ، اس کی نشست و برخاست، اس کے قیام وقعود ، اس کے افکار کامحورصرف اور صرف اس کی ذات ہوتی ہے جو داخلی یا خارجی عوامل کے پیشِ نظر عضو معطل ہو چکی ہوتی ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
افراد، فرد کی جمع ہے اور افرادمل کر قوم بنتے ہیں اسی طرح قوم سے اقوام اور قومیں بنتی ہیں۔ اقوام کی اکائی فرد ہے، اور فرد کی روحانی، جسمانی ،قلبی و ذہنی ساخت میں کوئی سقم یا جھول واقع ہوجائے تو پورا نظام متاثر ہو جاتا ہے، اس کے مقصد ِحیات کی تکمیل میں رکاوٹیں کھڑی ہو جاتی ہیں بالآخر اس کا وجود غیر مفید ہو جاتا ہے۔
جناب صدر!
کائنات کے نظام میں انسان ایک جزو لاینفک ہے، دراصل کائنات نام ہی بنی نوع انسان کا ہے، اس لیے کہ انسان اشرف المخلوقات ہے، اور مخلوقات کا شرف ہی نہ ہو تو گویا و ہ مخلوقات ہی نہیں ہے ،مخلوقات کی زندگیوں کو...
The relationship between Pakistan and America has always been a focus of the media of both countries as well as the international media. Even a slight shift in the policies of these two countries for each other is capable of making newspaper headlines and attracting maximum attention of the press of both countries. This study is a comparative analysis of the editorial pages of daily Dawn (English) and daily Jang (Urdu) to explore the agenda setting role of two of Pakistan’s oldest and most credible newspapers, vis-à-vis the Pakistan-US relationship. The research takes into consideration a total of 20 years of Pakistan-US relations by dividing the period into two groups which are ten years before the incident of 9/11 and ten years after 9/11. This understudied period is specifically important because the relations between Pakistan and America during these phases have vacillated between periods of engagements, wherein Pakistan enjoyed the status of the most favoured ally without compromising its regional interest, and the periods of disengagements wherein Pakistan faced sanctions from the US and was left alone to deal with the aftermath of the Afghan war and the War on Terrorism. Hence, this study obtains interesting insights about how the two Pakistani newspapers which represent the Urdu and the English press of Pakistan highlighted the agenda-setting role of the press through the coverage of the issues between Pakistan and US on their editorial pages.
Streptokinase (SK) is a fibrinolytic protein which has been produced by several species of β-hemolytic Streptococci. It has been extensively used to treat cardiovascular disorders by activating plasminogen into plasmin and eventually dissolving the blood clot. The objective of the current research project was to exploit indigenously isolated Streptococcus agalactiae EBL-20 for the production of SK and enhancing its productivity by Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutations, optimized culture conditions and nutritional requirements. Four mutants namely, S. agalactiae EBL-31, S. agalactiae EBL-32, S. agalactiae EBL-33 and S. agalactiae EBL-34 were selected by different screening procedures using triton X-100, casein plasminogen overlay assay and clot lysis assay. The optimum levels of four process variables (pH, temperature, incubation time and inoculum size) were obtained by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). According to statistical results, a temperature value of 37.5⁰C and pH 7 of the fermentation medium with 2.50 mL inoculum size for 36 hours of incubation was considered as optimum for enhanced SK production. After optimization, mutant derived strains EBL-31, EBL-32, EBL-33 and EBL-34 resulted in 2.01, 2.30, 3.70 and 2.48 fold increased activity as compared to parent S. agalactiae EBL-20, respectively. The best mutant obtained after performing optimization studies was found to be S. agalactiae EBL-33 with 3.70 fold increased activity, hence it was purified and exploited for characterization studies with reference to S. agalactiae EBL-20.The purification of SK by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-G100 resulted into specific activity of 447.6 and 1278.87 U mg⁻¹ from parent S. agalactiae EBL-20 and mutant derived S. agalactiae EBL-33, respectively. The molecular weight of SK obtained from both the strains of S. agalactiae was found to be 47 kDa. Study of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters revealed that SK obtained from S. agalactiae EBL-33 has more potential for utilizing its substrate i.e., plasminogen with high thermostability, in contrast to SK derived from S. agalactiae EBL-20. The study concludes that both UV rays and EMS are effective mutagenic agents for enhanced production of SK from S. agalactiae. Moreover, enhanced SK yield can be obtained by optimizing the nutritional necessities and fermentation/cultivation conditions of the microorganism.