33. Al-Ahzab/The Allied Factions
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
33:01
a. O The Prophet!
b. Remain conscious of Allah - The One and Only God of everyone and everything, and
c. do not yield to pressures brought about by the disbelievers and the hypocrites.
d. Surely Allah is All-Knowing of what they say and what their motives are and All-Wise.
33:02
a. Instead, follow what is being revealed on to you from your Rabb - The Lord.
b. Surely Allah is All-Aware of whatever you do: your deeds, dealings, and motives.
33:03
a. And trust Allah.
b. And Allah is Sufficient for you as a Guardian - to look after your affairs.
33:04
a. Allah has not placed two hearts in any person’s body.
b. And just as HE has never made your wives - whom you declare to be as your mothers’ backs - your biological mothers,
c. And, so too, HE has never made your adopted sons to be your biological sons.
d. These are merely phrases you utter from your mouths,
e. whereas Allah Speaks the truth in this and all matters.
f. And thus HE Guides you along the way of truth.
33:05
a. As for your adopted children, address them by the names of their biological fathers.
b. That is more just in the Sight of Allah.
c. But if you do not know the names of their biological fathers, then they are your brethren in faith and your protégés - so observe the due relationship within that social framework.
d. However, you will not be blamed for...
This study investigates the case of arbitration in the modern states in general and in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in particular, as a self-binding, amicable mode of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). It starts with arbitration’s meaning, history and evolutional background and discusses them as preliminaries and entrance to the main topic. The study debates Pakistani legislation on the subject, with special focus on the Arbitration Act, 1940. It examines the functioning of arbitration in Pakistani legal system, detects the flaws and areas of improvement therein, and most significantly, suggests proposals for required amendments in the relevant laws. In this connection, the equivocal nature of ADR provisions in some statutes other than Arbitration Act, has been specially highlighted. As per requirement of the Article 2(A) of the Constitution 1973, some inconsistencies of the laws on the subject with Sharī‘ah have also been traced. The issue of qualifications of arbitrators (hakams) has been detected as the main subject of inconsistency between law and Sharī‘ah, resulting in substantial and effective bearings. A similar inconsistency, comparatively with a lesser effect, has been noted in arbitration of family disputes regarding fixation of number of arbitrators and the hail from families of the disputing spouses. While investigating all these issues, an analytical-cum comparative strategy has been followed. The conclusion contains a concise brief on comparison between Sharī‘ah and law on the subject and a package of proposed amendments in the gray areas.
Sustainable development is a new and emerging concept of development. It differs from other indices of human development that ignore environment. It has three dimensions. They are economy, society and environment. It encompasses welfare of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations. The foremost objective of this study was to construct a sustainable development index by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method for 58 developed and developing countries in the period of 2000-2015 and then investigated the determinants of corruption, determinants of governance and determinants of sustainable development. In this study, thirty nine indicators from society, economy and environmental dimensions were selected. The index value ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 shows low sustainable development and 1 shows high sustainable development. The data of indicators used in sustainable development index was taken from World Development Indicators (WDI) and United Nations Organization Statistics (UNO Stat). Corruption was measured by Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and its data was taken from Transparency International (TI). Governance index was measured by four indices of governance by using PCA method. They were regulatory quality, political stability, government effectiveness and voices and accountability. The data of governance index was taken from World Governance Indicators (WGI). The determinants of corruption were explored against governance index, sustainable development index and other control variables. Panel Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) technique was used for exploring the determinants of corruption, determinants of governance and determinants of sustainable development. Further, removing endogeneity and heterogeneity from the model, System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and difference GMM estimation technique was used. The results indicated that sustainable development index, governance index, democratic accountability, law and order and other control variables were significant and have negative impact on corruption. The determinants of governance and its components were checked against corruption, sustainable development, law and order and democratic accountability. The results indicated that corruption has negative, while sustainable development, law and order and democratic accountability have positive impact on governance and its components. The determinants of sustainable development were investigated through corruption, governance, democratic accountability, law and order and other control variables for panel of overall economies, panel of high income and panel of low income viii economies. The results indicated that corruption has negative impact on sustainable development, while governance index and its components, law and order, democratic accountability and political globalization have positive impact on sustainable development. The policy implications from empirical findings of this study are as follows. For reducing corruption, it should improve sustainable development, governance, democratic accountability and law and order. For improving governance, the sustainable development, democratic accountability and law and order should be better, corruption should be reduce for good governance. Finally, for improving sustainable development, corruption should be reduce and governance, democratic accountability, law and order and political globalization should be improve. The future research will be targeted to construct a sustainable development index for all countries of the world and will analyze the impact of corruption and governance on sustainable development.