عہد اورنگ زیب کے محمد خان وامق سیالکوٹ کے پہلے اردو شاعر ہیں۔ وہ اپنے وقت کے اہم شاعر تھے۔ وامق وڈہرہ قوم کے کھتری تھے اور ان کو مسلمان کرنے کا فخر اس وقت کے جید عالم مولانا عبد اﷲچلپئی کو تھا جنہوں نے ان کا نام محمد خان رکھا۔ اشفاق نیاز تاریخِ سیالکوٹ میں آپ کے بارے رقمطراز ہیں:
آپ نہ صرف اعلی درجے کے شاعر تھے بلکہ ایک انشا پرداز بھی تھے اور یہی شہرت اور قابلیت انہیں دربارِ عالمگیر تک لے گئی۔ بادشاہ ان کا بہت قائل تھا بعد میں بادشاہ نے ان کے فن و ادب کی قدر کرتے ہوئے انہیں اخلاص خاں کے اعلیٰ خطاب سے سرفراز بھی فرمایا۔ آپ صاحبِ دیوان بھی تھے۔ اردو اور فارسی میں شاعری کرتے تھے مگر افسوس کہ باوجود سعی بسیار کے کلام مفقود ہے۔ (۱)
راقم الحروف بھی کوشش کے باوجود ان کا اردو کلام دریافت نہیں کر سکا۔تاریخِ سیالکوٹ کے مطابق آپ نے محمد شاہ کے عہد ۱۷۶۶ء میں سیالکوٹ میں وفات پائی۔(۲)
۱۔اشفاق نیاز‘ ’’تاریخِ سیالکوٹ‘‘ ‘ سیالکوٹ‘ سیالکوٹ ایڈورٹائزرز ‘ ۲۰۰۹ء، ص : ۲۹۳
۲۔ ایضاً‘ ص: ۲۹۴
Some things we can not drive and achieve ethics from wisdom and philosophical thought. Just as Jinnah (Jinn). Literary word Jinnah (jinn ) is derive from the Arabic alphabet means to hide or cancel. Thus as their description suggests that they are invisible physically. Different views has been recorded and reported that these are not a created being, just a doubt or (whim) but others believe them a creature not a result of any hidden feeling sense of thought but here sacred jurisprudence (shari’ah) states that they are created one like humans having proper way of youth and puberty, having domestic life and science suffered towards death lastly human eye can not see us bound to fulfill the requirement of shari’ah and observed to keep in different sects and tribes persuasion like us. Human and jinnat as power and authority. Quran proves courtery which we can not ignore. “ I did not create the jinns and human except to worship me”(51/56). Islamic jurisprudence is the best source to prove to existence of jinns with beliefs and thick proof as Rab e kareem say, s “ Indeed we created man from dried clay of black smooth mud and we created the jinn before that from the smokeless flame of fire”.(15: 26/27)
An Analysis of Transliteration of English Words Into Urdu in Print Media The present research attempts to give an insight into the indigenization of English words into Urdu. It is designed to show how certain factors not sociolinguistic, off course, function in the accommodation and assimilation, when lexemes, phrases and expressions are taken from English into Urdu. Pakistani speakers are gradually bringing changes to Urdu by introducing many new words of other languages, especially English. But these borrowed words also acquire new dimensions. In this regard the major contributing factor in the indigenization of words is the change of writing script. The words of one language are written by using the script of another language to refer to some term or concept which either does not exist in the recipient language or the existing words of the language are no more used to refer to such terms. The process is generally referred to as transliteration. Transliteration may be done manually or by using computers. The transliterated terms slowly but certainly get accepted by most of the people in the society. On such a topic, indigenization of English words into Urdu, much research has not been done. A few scholars such as Rahman and Baumgardner have worked on the localization of Urdu words in English. The researcher collected transliterated English words from Urdu language newspapers as data for the analysis of transliteration and used table look up method to find correspondence in original English words and transliterated lexical items. Finally, an algorithm was developed to show the relationship between English and Urdu graphemes by examining the transliterated lexical items. The analysis revealed that transliteration process does not rely either on phonemes or graphemes rather it is a mixture of both. So, hybrid model of transliteration is employed in transliteration of English words into Urdu. The present reseach is a significant contribution to the existing literature on English to Urdu transliteration process as it discusses in detail how English words get adapted into Nastaliq writing script.