جج پر ضمان: فقہی قواعد اور پاکستانی قانون میں تطبیق

A judge should be honest,  transparent, free and fair. He should always respect law. The question arises that if a judge who disrespects law and makes unbalanced decisions: as a result of which people get affected then will he or she be penalized? The Ḥanafi Scholars opine that if a judge passes a wrong decision intentionally, he should be penalized from his own property. Because in Islamic jurisprudence, judiciary owns a supremacy over the masses and everyone irrespective of the position is equal and has to obey law. Whether he is a judge or a commoner, he has to follow the rules and regulations as prescribed by law. In practice, Pakistani judges are not held responsible for making a wrong verdict. Our judges make judgments on the basis of already manipulated evidence. A judge bars himself from the responsibility of collecting evidence. Similarly, if a judge has developed personal grudges with the criminal then the criminal reserves right of appealing the higher court where the decision is reviewed and rectified. In such situation, there is a compulsion between the legal maxim "وَالْأَصْلُ عَدَمُ الضَّمَان" and the Pakistani laws. However, Ḥanafi jurisprudence and Pakistani Laws are not in accordance with each other. This study concentrates upon the nature of punishment and tort to be applied on judges in case of making a decision based on falsehood. It is suggested that Pakistan’s Judiciary should be reread as that the already in-practice system does not comply with the standards of Islamic teachings.

Negative Social Behaviors and Educational Environment of Secondary Schools in Pakistan

School environment plays a vital role in effective learning and development of positive behavior. The behavioral problems have been major concern for parents, administrators, social workers, educationists and teachers all over the world. The behavioral problems affect learning environment of educational institutions. Therefore, the study was conducted to explore negative social behaviors of secondary schools students. In addition, the opinions of teachers and parents of secondary schools were identified regarding students‘ negative social behviours. The study was descriptive in nature; therefore, the survey approach was adopted for this study. All the students of secondary schools, teachers and the parents of the students were the population of the study. The researcher selected two thousand eight hundred and eighty (2880) participants as a sample for this research. The sample of the study consisting of two hundred and eighty eight (288) respondents from each district including twenty (20) students, eleven teachers (11) and five (05) parents was selected through multistage sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed for the students of 9th and 10thclasses, their teachers and parents. The researcher collected data personally from the respondents. The collected data were analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 by calculating frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and oneway ANOVA followed by Bonferini. The findings of the study reveal that most of the secondary school students are involved in cheating, street crime and one-wheeling. The results indicate that most of the teachers opine that students show aggressive behavious. The opinions of teachers, parents and students concluded that pressure groups play negative role in institutional development and teaching leaning process. Parents need to be aware of their duties towards children. Teachers and parents are recommended to keep eyes on students in order to monitor and supervise their activities. In this way, positive behavious can be promoted among students.