Ecd Educators Outlook on Early Years Curriculum and Pedagogy Fostering Children’s Holistic Development

The main purpose of the study was to explore educators' views on children's the early years' curriculum and pedagogy implemented in Pakistan. This research study is grounded in qualitative design i.e. Case study. The case included examining educators, the early years' and school managers' critical reflections on children's learning and development during the early years' education. This research study is first of its kind in the context of Pakistan as the early years teachers' views about their teaching practices have rarely incorporated in recent studies. The main finding of this study was that curriculum and pedagogies used in early years' program has never been concentrated earlier as potential research themes. Though many research studies have been conducted on the implementation of ECE programs, but not any specific study concentrated on matching curriculum goals with its implementation to facilitate children's holistic development. It was learnt that national curriculum framework 2007 is not followed in most ECE classes. The main reason was found that many practitioners i.e. Educators and managers have not seen or read it. Consequently, national philosophy is compromised while nurturing children holistically It is therefore recommended for teachers and educators to study the national and now provincial curriculum framework because it has set a benchmark as what to achieve and suggested how to achieve the goals.

Vision Based Localization, Mapping and Navigation Algorithm for Mobile Robot

In mobile robot localization and mapping, occlusion and falsified occupancy are major problems. The occlusion becomes a key issue when dealing with dynamic objects in cluttered environment in which multiple objects are placed randomly. The occluded dynamic objects may appear suddenly in the path of a mobile robot and can hinder it in performing the goal tasks. On the other hand due to falsified occupancy, objects in an image cover more ground plane than their actual 2-D base and reduce erroneously the available floor plane for navigation tasks. The reduction of free ground space places constraints on path planning algorithms. In this research, multiple cameras in the indoor environment are installed at such positions from where whole work space is in view of each camera. The approach is simplistic but results are very impressive. The synchronously captured images are stored on PC and processed for correction of projective distortions. The images are then registered with the front view of the environment. A novel binarized image fusion approach is used in which these aligned images are taken as input images and generate a single output image, representing the top-view of the environment. The objects in the fused output image are detected and their spatial positions are determined. The proposed image fusion method simultaneously solves the occlusion and ivfalsified occupancy problem. Static and dynamic objects of the scene are identified and localized. Occupancy grid map is developed with dynamic occupancy values and a parametric vector is calculated for each object. For validation of the proposed technique a prototype environment is used with various shapes of objects. Small scale experimental results show that occlusion and falsified occupancy problem can be resolved up to 99% for indoor applications.