Perempuan dalam Perdebatan: Memahami Peran dan Tantangan Berpolitik dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

Penelitian ini membahas peran dan tantangan perempuan dalam konteks politik berdasarkan perspektif hukum Islam. Abstrak ini menyajikan analisis mendalam mengenai bagaimana ajaran Islam mengakui partisipasi politik perempuan serta kendala-kendala yang mereka hadapi dalam masyarakat yang kadang-kadang konservatif dan patriarkal. Melalui tinjauan terhadap ayat-ayat Al-Quran, hadis, dan interpretasi ulama, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Islam memberikan dasar kuat bagi partisipasi politik perempuan. Namun, kendala dalam bentuk tradisi kultural, interpretasi yang konservatif, dan norma sosial patriarkal menghambat partisipasi mereka.Penelitian ini juga menyajikan strategi untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, termasuk pendekatan pendidikan yang inklusif, pelibatan komunitas, dan pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan. Dengan mengeksplorasi perspektif hukum Islam, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana ajaran agama dapat membuka jalan bagi partisipasi politik perempuan. Kesimpulannya, melalui peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, edukasi, dan perubahan sosial, perempuan dapat memainkan peran yang lebih signifikan dalam politik dengan mendukung prinsip-prinsip kesetaraan dan keadilan dalam kerangka hukum Islam. Penelitian ini merangsang pertimbangan lebih lanjut mengenai bagaimana masyarakat dan lembaga-lembaga dapat memfasilitasi partisipasi politik perempuan dalam mendukung demokrasi dan kesetaraan gender.

Study of Volumetric Properties of Binary Aqueous Solutions of Selected Natural and Artificial Sweeteners at Various Temperatures

This work presents investigations of the density, sound velocity, volumetric and acoustical behavior of binary aqueous solutions of some sweeteners namely acesulfame potassium, sodium cyclamate, sodium saccharin; D-mannitol, maltose, and poly sucralose at 293.15–318.15 K. The entire work was done at atmospheric pressure. The objective of study was to support building a suitable relationship among densities, sound velocities, sweeteners’ concentration and structural characteristics to explore sweetness response and molecular interactions in aqueous solution. Densities (r) and sound velocities (μ) have been measured as a function of concentration for aqueous solutions at 293.15–318.15 K and atmospheric pressure using electronic vibrating U tube density and sound velocity meter (DSA 5000M). Solutions of acesulfame- K, cyclamate- Na and saccharin- Na were treated as electrolytes, while D- mannitol, maltose and poly sucralose were considered as non-electrolytes. The results obtained were used to compute their apparent and partial Molal volumes; isentropic apparent and partial Molal isentropic compressibilities and compressibility hydration numbers have been calculated and reported. The apparent Molal volume, (ΦV) of electrolytes indicates negative deviations from Debye-Huckel limiting law. The values obtained for, ΦV, at given temperatures and concentrations may be used as an indicative for the strength and intensity of the ion/solute–ion/solute and ion/solute-solvent interactions. The partial Molal volume (ΦV°) indicates hydrophilic interactions dominating in aqueous solutions of studied sweeteners. Furthermore, apparent specific volumes (ASV) of the ions/solutes were calculated and it was found that these values of the investigated solutes lie between the reported values for sweet substances (0.51 – 0.71 cm3g-1) except for poly sucralose which might behaves differently due to its long chain structure. The partial Molal expansibility (ΦE°), Hepler’s constant (∂2V0/∂T2) and thermal expansion coefficient (a°) have been estimated and correlated to the effect of temperature on solution behavior. The isentropic apparent Molal compressibility (ΦK(s)) and compressibility hydration number (nH) conferred pre-dominance of ion/solute-solvent interactions, whereas partial Molal expansibility and related standards predicted structure making or breaking behavior of studied sweeteners. The Hepler’s constant values for sodium cyclamate and maltose x were negative which associated with the water structure breaking behavior of these sweeteners. The thermodynamic parameters like Apparent Molal volume (ΦV), partial Molal volume (ΦV°), apparent specific volume (ASV), partial Molal expansibility (ΦE°), isentropic apparent Molal compressibility (ΦK(s)) and related constants provided clear distinctions and variable hydration behavior and sweetness response from class to class, structural variability and molecular masses. So, as a whole this study provided new insights in elucidation of mechanistic differences between sweeteners and their mode of interactions.