Contemporary Challenges Regarding Muslim-Christian Dialogue and Its Solution in the Light of Nobel Sīrah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ

Islam recognizes the status and respect of other faiths and communities for socioeconomic and sociopolitical development. Therefore, the kind Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلمwas the first ever personality in the human history who accepted the identity of other faiths and involved them in state affairs of the city state of Madīnah in 610 CE/1AH. The citizens of the first Islamic State including Jews, Christians and Polytheists were treated as equal and respected citizens. The door of discussion and mutual cooperation were opened for all faiths and communities of the society. For that purpose, the Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم set out some special parameters and principles of dialogue and interaction with other faiths. These principles may be freedom of religion, mutual respect and cooperation, interfaith tolerance, focus on common issues, active participation in state and social activities etc. The history is eye witness of this conduct that Muslim rulers and public care these principles and promote them in all ages of the Muslim governance. However due to some reason modern era have been observed of not being compatible with minorities in east as well as in the west. Categorically, they are having encounters with many difficulties, challenges and issues for security, rights and peaceful coexistence in all over the world. Unfortunately, Pakistan have also considered to be the part of hyper national and international sociological environment regarding minorities. In order to overcome these issues and challenges then we must follow the Prophet’s Seerahصلى الله عليه وسلم regarding interfaith dialogue and mutual cooperation in a pluralistic society like Pakistan. In this study, the efforts are made to explore contemporary challenges and its solution in light of the Seerah of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلمfrom current sociopolitical context.

Study of Morphological Changes in Braided River Reach

Temporal variability of flows and sediments and bank erosion is fundamental to understand river dynamics. The temporal variability of sediment load and effective discharge class is one of essential information which is require to improve the barrage and canal operations for flow diversion into the canals. Similarly, bank erosion causes substantial land loss along the river banks due to erosion. Moreover, understanding for the impact of flood events on bank erosion are also lacking for sand bed braided river reaches. Similarly, quantitative relationship between branch channel movement and river bank erosion also have not attained significant attention. The river reach just starting from downstream of the Marala barrage to the 7 km downstream was selected to study the bank erosion. The reach is braided with small unstable sand bars and few semi-stable islands and river flows in multiple channels during low flows. The major proportion of the flows in the Chenab River occurs during monsoon season, which brings lot of sediments from the catchment. Thus, sediments in the river flows not only cause changes in the morphology of river but also diversion of highly sediment laden flows into the canals which creates sedimentation issues. Therefore, firstly, sediment rating curve, variation of sediment load and effective discharge for different temporal scales were examined. Secondly, the changes in the river were assessed and the relationships of river bank erosion with branch channels movement and floods magnitudes (during different flow regimes) were developed. Thirdly, two dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic numerical model was simulated for the flows/floods of 2010 and the results were coupled with the excess shear stress approach to predict the bank erosion and identify the river bank locations more vulnerable to erosion.