شیخ ابن تیمیہ کےاصولی تفردات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ An Analytical Study of the Ibn-e-Teymiyah’s Usooli Distinctions

The very existence of theology was a prelude to the competition of philosophy and the support of religion. Other religions, for the sake of legitimacy of their religion, have been raising objections to Islam in all respects. The mixture of nations, non-Arab influences, the negligent rhetoric of scholars and shaykhs, and the erroneous beliefs and practices of the people were tarnishing the clean face of Islam. In the time of Ibn Taymiyyah, there was an emphasis on theology. Theologians specialize in their knowledge and art of rationalism and logic. Their method consisted of reasoning and inference, rational and logical proofs. In contrast to them, the Hanbalis were holding the line of reasoning from the apparent meaning of verses and hadiths and texts. In the case of debates and debates, the weight of the theologians would be heavy and the opponent would be considered ignorant. Ibn Taymiyyah paid homage to the authenticity and supremacy of the Qur'an and Sunnah in such a way that he made critical commentary and analysis on philosophy and Greek logic and reasoned weaknesses and errors. One-half or two-thirds of his total writing services on the subject of speech and logic. This shows that Ibn Taymiyyah was feeling the need of defending Islam in this regard because in his time these sciences and arts had become very popular and common practice. The far-reaching effects of his thoughts and opinions in this regard have been felt in every age. The issues in which he has differed are the result of his research, jurisprudence and ijtihad, and constant reflection. The basis and foundation of which is the Quran and Sunnah, the interaction of companions and speculation. In these Ijtihad issues of hiss, there is a collection of arguments and proofs related to the Quran and Sunnah. In this article, an introductory and analytical study of Ibn Taymiyyah's fundamental differences will be presented.

Conflict Between State and Society in Pakistan: An Analysis of Psychosocial Dimensions

The state and society emerged simultaneously on 14th of August 1947. Before that day, Pakistani society had no shared existence and was only an “imagined community” in the literal sense of the phrase. The state of Pakistan became an administrative arrangement put in place by the British rulers to ensure their hold through a coercive dispensation. The change of regime did not immediately and fundamentally alter the nature or structure of the state. The psychosocial dimensions of values, attitudes and behaviour of the central authority and its structures remained colonial. The state, its institutions and officials were not “Pakistanized”; and the basic paradigm of relationship between state and the people has remained that of the “rulers and the ruled”. The state has manifested anti-people behaviour and shown proclivity to use coercion against the society. Judiciary, civil and military bureaucracy and police along with the co-opted clergyhave become deeply interwoven in maintaining their hold over the society. On the other hand, the institutions of society have not been able to develop values, attitudes, and behaviours that could create a caring, progressive, and pluralistic national state. This conflict in incompatible values, hostile attitudes and behaviours between state and society institutions and individuals is continuing. Consequently, the state has become fragile and the society has become more fragmented. The resolution of this conflict requires psychosocial transformation in individuals and institutions of the state and society.