تمسکات میں سرمایہ کاری اور اس کی شرعی حیثیت تحقیقی وتجزیاتی مطالعہ

Islam is a complete code of life which provides guidance in political, social and economic affairs. Economics deals with very importnt sphere of human life that involves struggle for survival. This struggle is always appreciated because Allah Almighty Himself motivates for it. The basic aim of this is to eradicate poverty and huger and to bring happiness and satisfaction in society but the condition is that all the economic activities should be done with within the limits of sharia. Otherwise the efforts of human beings in this world as well as hereafter will never be successful. In contemporary economic trends, investment in securities is well known and popular. Government and private institutions issue bonds, shares, debentures etc to provide economic security to the people but in various types of sceurities Shar฀‘ah laws are not taken care of. Where, for a Muslim, injunctions of Shar฀‘ah are everything. There are tidings of rewards on obeying these injunctions and warning of punishment on their violation boath in this world and hereafter. Economic experts suggest to invest but People remain uncertain in these schemes. Regarding this objective, in this article few types of securities (Shares, Debentures and Prize Bonds) have been discussed in Shar฀‘ah perspectives and prize bonds were given special attention because of difference of openion of scholars about it. Some alternate solutions which may provide an insight into Islamic fiscal monetary system have been provided at the end.

Genetic Analysis and Pyramiding Achene Yield and Oil Contents Related Traits in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L. .

Over the years, the cultivation of sunflower has emerged as a popular cash crop and the area under it has increased during the last decade in Pakistan because of its profitability than other competing crops. Besides, this crop needs little water, while its harvesting time is short and it can easily be cultivated between two major crops. The present study was conducted to improve the genetic potential of sunflower accessions for achene yield, achene weight and oil contents percentage. The breeding material consisted of more than 200 sunflower accessions out of which 9 were selected and brought into the process of pyramiding (a method aimed at assembling multiple desirable genes from multiple parents into a single genotype) to combine the above mentioned traits into one genotype through breeding. Some cross combinations were obtained following Line × Tester scheme which were pretty better showing significant positive correlations and direct and indirect effects among the morphological and quality traits. This will definitely cause a major cut to the import bill of edible oil in Pakistan which valued at Rs. 153.3 billion (US$ 1.595 billion) during the year 2012-13. Valuable information regarding gene action, combining ability, heterosis, genetic variability, heritability, genotypic correlations, phenotypic correlations and direct and indirect effects through path-coefficient analysis were generated.