مولانا شبلی نعمانی کے چند تفردات اور ضعف استدلال سیرۃ النبی کی روشنی میں ایک ناقدانہ جائزہ

Maulānā Shiblī Nu‘mānī (1914) was a great Muslim scholar of sub-continent. Shiblī was a versatile scholar in Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Urdu. He collected much material on the life of Prophet of Islam, Muhammad (ﷺ) but could write only first two volumes of the planned work the Sirat-un-Nabi(ﷺ). His disciple Syed Sulaymān Nadvī, made use of this material and added to it and also wrote remaining five volumes of the work, the Sīrat Al-Nabī(ﷺ) after the death of his mentor. Shiblī was greatly inspired by the progress of science and education in the West. He wanted to inspire the Muslims to make similar progress by having recourse to their lost heritage and culture, and warned them against getting lost in the Western culture. The writer of this article has written a preface followed by an introduction of life and work of Maulānā Nu‘mānī. The next part consists of explaining distinctive features of Shiblī’s book. Maulānā Nu‘mānī dedicated his entire life for the sake of Islam. He had a high quality awareness of the Quran and Sunnah. In his book “Sīrat Al-Nabī", he proved his uniqueness (tafarrudat) regarding various Islamic teachings. In this article I have endeavored to collect some of his uniqueness (tafarrudat) on various issues. Maulānā Nu‘mānī's uniqueness and exclusive ideas were unacceptable for many of contemporary scholars and traditional religious leadership. This article contains some of the selected religious issues in which Shiblī has differed, on the basis of arguments from Quran and Hadith, from traditional scholars. In this article I have analysed Allama's such ideas from his original writings.

Impact of Physical Environment on Brand Loyalty in Fine Dining Restaurant Industry: Mediated by Brand Prestige

Prestige seeking buyers are increasing gradually and maximization of brand loyal customers is a main target of every organization for rapid growth. Due to intangibility in nature of services, physical environment becomes a major tool, to communicate consumers about the quality of services, to setting customer expectations, to create positive service experience and to influence employee productivity because services are produced and consumed simultaneously. The research?s main purpose is to create better understanding of physical surroundings through examining the effect of physical environment?s dimension (D?cor &artifacts, spatial layout, ambience) on brand loyalty. Second purpose is the mediating test of brand prestige between dimension of physical environment (D?cor &artifacts, spatial layout, ambience) and brand loyalty. Thirdly, to check brand prestige?s impact on brand loyalty. A quantitative approach is used and data is collected from diners of fine dining restaurant from two metropolitan cities of Pakistan i.e. Lahore and Faisalabad, in order to investigate the direct and indirect impact of dimensions of physical environment on brand loyalty and brand prestige via convenience sampling. Sample size was 271 and Multiple Regression Analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. Preacher & Hayes Process Macro was used to measure the mediation. Findings of the study showed that three dimensions of physical environment i.e. d?cor & artifacts, spatial layout and ambience have positive impact on brand prestige & brand loyalty. Brand prestige has mediating role between all three dimensions of physical environment and has positive impact on brand loyalty. Theoretical and practical implications are provided which is helpful for the marketing managers to make strategies in such a way that can create positive brand loyalty.