سلطان کھاروی تے ست وارہ
ایہہ پنجابی شاعری دا اک پرانا روپ اے جس وچ ہفتے دے ست دناں دے ناواں تے شاعری کیتی جاندی اے۔ جویں بارہ ماہ وچ مہینے دے ناں اتے شاعر اندرلیاں تے باہرلیاں رتاں نوں بیان کردا اے۔ڈاکٹر ونجارا بیدی آکھدے نیں۔
’’ اک پر سدھ لوک کا وروپ ، جس وچ کسے وچار بھاونا تے منوت نوں ہفتے دے ست واراںنوں آدھا ر بنا کے پرگٹ کیتا گیا ہوے۔‘‘(۱)
ایس کوتاوچ عام کرکے شگن تے بدشگن ، وہم تے ہور ایسے طرح دے بھرم ، بندے دے جیون نال جڑے ستوار یاں وچ بیان ہوندے رہے نیں۔ لین دین ، سفر ،پہناوا تے کھان پین تو اڈرتاں دا بدلن وی ستواریاں دا حصہ بنیا۔ لوک شاعری دا پینڈا کرکے ایہہ صنف کلاسیک دا جز بنی تے کلاسیکی شاعراں ایس دے موضوع نوں ہور کھلا ریا تے پیار محبت وچ جدائی دے تے ہجر نوں بیانیا جو ایس کائنات دے بنن پاروںجمیا وحدت دا کثریت وچ کھلرن ہی فراق دا مڈھ اے۔
جمعرات سہاونی، دکھ درد نہ آہا باپ
اوہ جامہ ساڈا پہن کے ، آیا تماشے آپ
اگوں آگئی جمعرات شرابوں گا گر ملی برات
لگ گیا مست پیالہ ہات مینو بھل گیا ذات صفات
دیوانی ہو رہی
ایسی زحمت لوک نہ پاون ملاں گھول تعویذ پلاون
پڑھن عزیمت جن بلاون سیاں شاہ مدار کھڈاون
میں چپ ہو رہی (۲)
کوی نے اپنے ست وارے وچ ہجر دے اثرات نوں انج بیان کیتا اے۔
Religion is considered as an integral part of individuals’ daily routine practices in the society. People perform religious obligations very rigorously and avoid all the religiously declared prohibited acts. This current study aims, to identify the role of group conformity towards adopting sectarian identities by individuals with the emphasis of exploring the practices of sectarian identities that causes an environment of inter-group disintegration in the community. This study will be significant in recommending initiatives that can create an environment of harmony between people belonging to different sectarian believers. Qualitative research method was applied to analyze group conformity and individuals’ behavior towards practicing sectarian identities. Population was based on rural setup of Manddi Faiẓ Abad. Twelve participants were selected through purposive sampling technique. Structured interview guide was used as data collection tool and themes was extracted to describe existing trends and patterns regarding group conformity and sectarian identity construction. Results revealed efficacious role of group conformity to encourage individuals towards adopting and practicing any particular sectarian identity in the society. Results highlighted that, desire of getting religious hegemony and supremacy with the courtesy of group conformity that make individuals intolerant on sectarian grounds and creates an environment of disintegration in the society. Sectarian difference not only creates religious
The voice of environmentally concerned consumers led many firms to incorporate the green marketing elements in their business models. Many organizations spent millions of dollars on the development, selling and promotional campaigns of green products. The notion was also supported by researchers and international survey organizations in the form of growing demand and market share of green products. However, in reality, existing sales trends of green products in the markets are not promising. Although consumers are in favor of green products and green firms even some of them are agreed to pay extra amount to buy green products but when comes to make a purchase decision, conventional products remain their first choice at the point of sale. Thus, non-acceptance of green products by the consumers at large scale is becoming a major issue of concern for marketing managers. Therefore, it is very timely to explore and understand the underlying mechanism of human attitude formation process. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of environmental beliefs on green purchase intentions. Although, environmental beliefs have a significant role in motivating the individuals to behave in an environmental friendly way still a weak relationship between environmental beliefs and green purchase intentions has been reported in prior research. Therefore, the mediating role of environmental concern between environmental beliefs and green purchase intentions as well as moderating role of environmental responsibility between environmental beliefs and environmental concern was explored to advance the existing stream of research in the field of green marketing. The conceptual framework was developed based on the theory of reasoned action. Survey method was used to collect data from consumers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. For this purpose, already established measures were adapted from xi previous studies in the field of green marketing. Subsequently, 519 useable responses were utilized for data analysis through statistical techniques. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used to gauge the model fit and to test the hypothesized associations. Likewise, the conceptual framework was also tested through bootstrapping technique suggested by Preacher and Hayes. The results revealed that environmental concern mediate the relation between environmental beliefs and green purchase intentions. Similarly, moderating role of environmental responsibility between environmental beliefs and environmental concern was also proved. The thesis was winded up by highlighting the theoretical, contextual and managerial implications along-with future research avenues.