سماج نامہ
ساون ماہ دا بدل آیا دل ہویا مسرور
سجن بھاویں جتھے ہووے ملنا بہت ضرور
دلبر سوہنا ملن نہ آوندا
دل کملا اے بڑا ستوندا
کدی تاں سوہنیا کرم کموندا
دل ملنے لئی ہے مجبور
Swat valley with reference to its history is a famous region. Many civilizations originated in this land and that’s where they ended. Buddhism had a golden age in swat. Hinduism had also been in this land for some time. Artifacts from Greece and the Kushan period are also found here. The artifacts and traces of all these civilizations still exist in swat today. Similar artifacts have been discovered by the efforts of experts however, the gravity of the earth chest is much greater. Swat archeology is threatened by human population and some religious misunderstanding. Protecting Non-Muslim places of worship and respecting their emotions is a part of Islamic teachings. This paper describes the sharī‛ah rules of archeology and also different types of archeological sites like buildings, worship places and mentioning the orders related to idols etc.
Evaluation of nuclear reaction cross section data was performed for the production of radionuclides of yttrium i.e. 86,87,88Y for medical applications via charhged particle induced reactions on different targets of 86.87,88Sr, 85Rb and natZr. Nuclear reaction cross sections for the production of these radionuclides were also measured experimentally via deuteron induced reaction on natural zirconium target up to 50 MeV beam energy by stack foil activation technique followed by gamma ray spectroscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA. A comprehensive analysis of all the experimental data obtained during actual experiment, EXFOR database and literature was done. The nuclear model calculations were performed by using nuclear model codes i.e. ALICE-IPPE, TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE to check the reliability and consistency of experimental data. The recommended cross sections were generated based on our evaluation methodology. Yield of each radionuclide was calculated from the recommended cross sections. Medical applications of these radionuclides demand that they should be in a pure form, free from any radionuclidic impurity. So analysis of radionuclidic impurities associated with each reaction was performed based on our recommended cross sections and TALYS calculations. The recommended cross sections, yield and accompanying impurities are used for optimization of different charged particle induced reactions for the production of 86,87,88Y.