جسٹس خواجہ محمد یوسف
سخت افسوس ہے کہ جسٹس خواجہ محمد یوسف ۹؍ دسمبر ۲۰۰۴ء کو میڈی ویو نرسنگ ہوم میں وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ کلکتہ کے بہت محبوب اور ہر دل عزیز شخص تھے، مہینوں سے موت و زیست کی کشمکش میں گرفتار تھے، چند ماہ قبل برلاہارٹ ریسرچ سنٹر میں ان کے دل کا آپریشن ہوا تھا، اس کے بعد ہی سے کچھ نہ کچھ تکلیف رہتی تھی، انتقال سے پندرہ روز پہلے بیماری بڑھ گئی تو نرسنگ ہوم میں داخل ہوئے، ڈاکٹروں کی نگرانی میں امبولنس اور اسٹریچر پر تھوڑی دیر کے لیے ایران سوسائٹی میں تشریف لائے جہاں ۸؍ دسمبر کو ان کے بڑے صاحبزادے خواجہ جاوید یوسف کی شادی ہورہی تھی اور نکاح ہوتے ہی نرسنگ ہوم واپس چلے گئے، ۹؍ دسمبر کی صبح کو اچانک طبیعت زیادہ خراب ہوگئی مگر دوپہر تک سنبھل گئی تو کھانا تناول فرمایا اور سوگئے، شام کو پھر طبیعت خراب ہوئی اور ڈاکٹر کے آنے سے پہلے ہی مالک حقیقی سے جاملے۔
میت گھر پر آئی تو تعزیت کے لیے آنے والوں کا تانتا بندھ گیا، دوسرے دن غسل اور کفن کے بعد دیدار کے لیے جسد خاکی گھر سے متصل اسکول کے ہال میں رکھا گیا تو خلقت ٹوٹ پڑی اور جمعہ بعد جب جنازہ ایک نمبر گوبرا قبرستان لے جانے کے لیے اٹھا تو اس کے ساتھ مسلمانوں کے تمام طبقوں کے علاوہ سکھ، عیسائی، پارسی، ہندو اور بنگالی ہر مذہب و ملت کا ازد حام تھا جو زبانِ حال سے کہہ رہا تھا۔
چل ساتھ کہ حسرتِ دلِ محروم سے نکلے
عاشق کا جنازہ ہے ذرا دھوم سے نکلے
خواجہ صاحب کی موت ملک و ملت خصوصاً کلکتہ اور مغربی بنگال کے مسلمانوں کے لیے بڑا دردانگیز سانحہ ہے، ان کا وجود ان کے لیے رحمت و نعمت...
Human papilloma virus (HPV) related head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) has varying etiology, genetic as well as environmental factors involved and differential clinicicopathological features. HNSCC came in the limelight recently due to increased incidence rate and insufficient diagnostic methods. This review will comprehensively focus on the characteristics of HPV associated HNSCC. It will provide an updated review of our understanding of HPV role in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) known to date. Curruntly, three vaccines are available (Gardasil, Gardasil 9 and Cervarix). These vaccines prevent infections with HPV types 16 and 18 HPV-16 is most common type associated with HNSCC. HPV related HNSCC has better prognosis, does not mutate but inactivatestumor suppressor genes and therefore has comparatively better treatment options. However, there is still a need to improve our methods of sampling, HPV molecular assay and type of specimen to be used.
Among the four skills of a language, reading is a very important skill. It enhances understanding, knowledge and information. For a student, reading is very essential for concept building. Reading develops in a certain environment. Without the culture of reading, one cannot promote one's skill of reading. Thus to explore the factors affecting reading culture, a research study was carried out in Naushahro Feroze, using qualitative research method. The research was conducted through a case study methodology. Two secondary schools were selected for this research; a public school and a private school. Data was gathered through interview questionnaire and through observation of schools in terms of available reading facilities. The research participants were six students from grade six, seven and eight of both schools. Besides students, there were parents of students and six class teachers from both schools. The condition of the public school was not good which will be discussed in chapter regarding reading culture. However, the private school had somewhat reading culture. Regarding home conditions, it was known that some parents provided reading material to their children while some could not afford due to their economic issues. It was found that lack of resources and facilities regarding reading and frequent usage of electronic devices, such as mobile phones and computers, were the impeding factors for the development of reading culture. On the other hand, it was pointed out that the establishment of libraries, provision of student-friendly reading material and careful parenting, in terms of giving opportunities and facilities for reading, were the facilitating factors for development of reading culture. To sum up, it was explored that there was no reading culture in school and in society. It was strongly suggested that all stakeholders needed to take responsibility for the development of reading culture. In this regard, the government should establish libraries in each school and town. It should provide books on discount to students so that they can purchase and read books.