سرکاری مناصب و ذرائع کا ذمہ دارانہ استعمال: تعلیمات نبویﷺ کی روشنی میں

Islam is a complete code of life for the humanity. It provides guidance in all aspects of human activity. It guides human being in its economic system, social life, in all worships, in family life and in political set up. State is an institution like others which is a tool for mankind to serve its needs in the best possible ways. Islam does not consider a state designed by Allah and in fact leaves the system open to human intellect, to form a mechanism according to the teachings of the scriptures and needs of the time. The guiding principles of Islam stress on proper utilizations of state machinery and authority to the satisfaction of people and to fulfill dictates of Allah’s directions. Islam forbids utilization of public offices for personal benefits. Islamic traditions instructed that the state officials must learn  from the principle of Islam as exemplified in the state at the city of Medina; it additionaly shaped its characters as well. The present article is an attempt to highlight the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that he gave from time to time and ensured its applications letter and spirit.

Design of Mobile Articulated Climber Robot Marak Ii

Robots are designed in a variety of types and shapes for performing different tasks. Mostly, they are designed by looking at nature and imitating its principles (e.g. snake-like robot). Author argues that snake-like robots offer very good capability for surveillance, inspection, exploration and search & rescue operations, especially in tight & hard-to-reach areas. But they find it difficult to climb vertically flat-surfaced obstacles (e.g. flat-surfaced wall or barrier) with higher heights than their own maximum free-climbing height. Initially, the author attempted to address this deficiency by developing a planar snake-like climber robot, however, speed of locomotion under the employed rectilinear gait was very low. In this context, the research was aimed to explore the possibility of increasing the climbing speed of planar snake-like climber robots (undergoing the rectilinear gait) on vertical or near-vertical flat surfaces with higher heights than the robots’ own free-climbing height through implementation of wheeling gait. The successful development of this robot, called “Marak II" is presented herein. It should be noted that the approach for designing such a robot is not to fully copy or imitate the biological aspects. Instead, the approach is to bypass some of the limitations in nature and some of the limitations that the nature poses against the design. The next task that was carried out, was the development of a unified mathematical formula for the parallel robots that could cover some deficiencies of available inverse dynamics formulations. A novel approach is presented herein which follows the Euler-Lagrange technique and is also able to handle inverse dynamics formulation under any type of passive, and/or active joints. Experiments were repeated multiple times to validate both introduced hypotheses and the results were found to be in close proximity of each other. The experiments on “Marak II" with both gaits (under similar conditions) revealed that the wheeling gait is approximately 10 times faster than the rectilinear gait. Moreover, the novel mathematical formula (based on Euler-Lagrange approach) was successfully validated through extensive simulations and experimentation under different settings.