مارنہیں پیار
زندگی میں انسان کو کئی حوالوں سے زندگی کا احساس دِلانا ہوتا ہے اور ثابت کرتا ہے کہ وہ شاہراہ حیات پر رواں دواں ہے خواہ وہ راستے خار دار جھاڑیوں سے پر ہو یا اس پر از ہارواثمار سے لدے درخت کی ٹہنیاں سر جھکائے محوِ حمدوثناء ہوں۔ زندگی مسائل سے بھری ہوئی ہو یا اس کی رنگینیاں ، رعنائیاں اظہر من الشمس ہوں۔ انسان کو کسی نہ کسی صورت میں ان سے واسطہ رہتا ہے۔ انسان کبھی خوش وخرم ہوتا ہے اورکبھی ناراضگی کے باعث اس کی پیشانی پرشکن واضح ہوتی ہے۔
زندگی میں انسان سے کوئی اچھاعمل سرزد ہوتا ہے تو اسے انعام و کرام سے نوازا جا تا ہے اور اگر اس سے کوئی خطا سرزد ہوتی ہے تو اس کو اس کی سزا بھگتنا پڑتی ہے، اچھے کام کی انجام دہی پراچھے صلے کا سزاوار ٹھہرتا ہے اور سہواً یا عمداً کوئی غلطی ہو جائے تو وہ سزا کا مستحق ٹھہرتاہے۔ دین اسلام میں بھی جزاء وسزاء کا تصور موجود ہے، عابد اور صالح مسلمان کے لیے وعدہ ٔحورو قصورموجود ہے۔ خاطی اور گنہگار کے لیے وعید جہنم کا تصور موجود ہے۔ اگر یہ تصور ختم ہو جائے تو حصول راحت کے لیے کی جانے والی مساعی جمیلہ کی چمک ماند پڑ جائے گی اور سزا کی طرف مائل ہونے والی حرکتیں اور اعمال سیٔہ کی کثرت ہو جائے گی’ ’مار‘‘ کا تصور موجود ہے اور ’’ پیار ‘‘ کا تصور بدرجہ اتم موجود ہے۔
یہ ہماری عظمت ہوگی ’’مارنہیں پیار‘‘ کو اپنے معاملات میں جب داخل کریں گے، اور محبت و شفقت کا وتیرہ اپنائیں گے تو اس خصلت حمیدہ کی آفاقیت سے کسی طور بھی صرف نظر نہیں کر سکتے۔ یہ اسلوب ایک طالب علم کے لیے فرحت بخش ثابت ہوگا۔ اگر چہ مار کے تصور سے تاریخ...
The preachings of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) are equally beneficial for both believers and non-believers. While Muslims have reaped many benefits from prophetic teachings, those who do not believe in the Holy Prophet (saw) are also inclined to study his teachings and conclude that the scientific principles we are formulating now, were revealed by the Prophet (P.B.U.H) many centuries ago. Whether it be the secrets of hygiene, medicine and treatment, or matters of implicit principles of creation, Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)'s teachings contain golden principles that encompass the secrets of success in all matters ranging from the survival of human health to the matters of creation. The purpose of this article is to explain the sayings of the holy prophet*( P.B.U.H) which lead to scientific proofs and indicate that it is the teachings of the Prophet (P.B.U.H), from which today’s intellectuals deduce principles. But the Prophet ( PBUH) many years ago, made those golden principles clear through his edicts and rulings in the time of technology scarcity.
Insect pest infestation is a major constraint in cotton production and causes heavy yield losses every year. Some studies report that insect pests attack on genotypes/cultivars with the traits, frego bracts, okra leaf, and red leaf color is comparatively lower. The genotypes/cultivars with these traits were planted and separated by fine netting to assess insect pest infestation in comparison to commercial cultivars. The Gossypium arboreum cultivar, FH-170 had minimum number of population buildup of sucking and chewing insect pests. Among hirsutum genotypes/cultivars, minimum population buildup of thrips, mites, spotted bollworm and American bollworm was found on Gumbo Okra. Minimum aphid was recorded on Russian Red. PBG-Fb-5 showed the most resistant response against pink bollworm. Population buildup of thrips, mites and aphid was relatively higher under water deficit conditions compared to well watered conditions whereas, population buildup of jassid, and white fly was higher under well watered conditions but was non-significant. Populations of parents, F1 and segregation pattern of F2 and backcross populations of crosses involving okra leaf, frego bract and red leaf traits showed that the traits were monogenic, okra leaf type and red leaf color being incompletely dominant and frego bract as recessive trait. Gene action of agronomic traits (plant height, number of bolls, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, boll weight, lint percentage, seed index, fiber fineness, fiber strength, and fiber length) in the crosses involving okra leaf, frego bract and red leaf color were different. Heritability estimates for different agronomic traits in the crosses of okra leaf, frego bract and red leaf color varied from 0.26 to 0.95. These results showed the interaction of the insect resistant traits with agronomic traits. Correlation of the traits, okra leaf, frego bract and red leaf color with agronomic traits showed that okra leaf positively correlated with sympodial branches, lint percentage, fiber fineness (measurement scale has inverse relationship with fiber fineness) and fiber length whereas, negative correlation of okra leaf was observed with plant height and seed index. Frego bract had negative correlation with boll weight and lint percentage. Red leaf color had positive association with lint percentage and negative correlation with number of bolls and sympodial branches and fiber strength. Negative correlation of these insect resistant traits with some desirable agronomic traits reveal that very large F2 population would be required to find insect resistant recombinants with desirable agronomic attributes. The correlations among agronomic traits in the crosses involving different insect resistant traits were different which suggest that while incorporating each insect resistant trait into a strain, a different breeding strategy will have to be followed. Simple qualitative nature of the traits, okra leaf, frego bract and red leaf color reveals that the traits may easily be incorporated into commercial cultivars.