Religiosity for Promotion of Behavior: Role of Islamic Worships in Moral Development of Muslim Youth

The question of moral rectitude and upbringing of youth in the current social arena is the contemporary discovery attributed to social and family norms that also undergo change due to social and economic reasons. Consequently, deferring levels of piety become more or less acceptable according to an individual’s surroundings and age. The study was done to determine the association between religiosity and behaviors likely to improve the moral, social and psychological habits of young Muslims. The discussion of the article contextualizes the effects of observing practices of Islam on a larger scale. A sample study of this research can be used as evidence to counter the contemporary environment which inevitably generates contradictions for young people. The contradictions result in uncertainty and materialistic atmosphere which does not cater to their spiritual needs and the requirements to develop as the youth of Ummah. Yet, we cannot stop or avoid the negative channels and their effects prevailing on the internet. We can; however, extend the positive spiritual energy in youth that is only possible through careful observance of religious practices comprising regular prayers, fasting, charity and pilgrimage (Hajj). The current apathy of our youth towards the religious injunctions may be attributed to social and family norms that are in some cases relative to the economic conditions and social backup. This will evaluate and assess the way and means of effective inlaying of moral fields where our young people can improve their moral aptitude and rectitude. The impasse of current moral turpitude can be shattered with the bounding relation of human activity and Islamic ritual.

Detection and Phylogeny of Fowl Adenovirus Associatedwith Hydropericardium Hepatitissyndrome in Broilers

Poultry diseases are causing serious losses to poultry farmers all over the world.Outbreaks of Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) are continuously increasing despite vaccination in commercial broilers. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) associated with HPS severely affect production of meat and eggs as well as could also lead to secondary bacterial infections. The species and the serotype of FAdVs circulating in Chakwal broiler flocks are not known at present. Keeping in mind above mentioned scenario, we designed this study. The main objective of this study was recognition and characterization of FAdVs.Keeping these aspects in mind, liver tissue samples were collected from poultry flocks in Chakwal district of Pakistan (period March 2018 to October 2018). The FAdVs status was investigated using a conventional PCR assay that can detect the 12 serotypes of FAdVs. The FAdVs were detected in 8 samples from different flocks. FAdVs were genetically characterized by sequencing hexon gene. According to phylogenetic analysis, 5 FAdV strains were grouped into two unique species. Three strains were grouped to the FAdV-C species (FAdV-4) and showed close proximity at the nucleotide level. The other two strains were grouped to the FAdV-E species (FAdV-11).Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of detected field strains revealed the high similarity and close clustering with FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 strains isolated from India, Pakistan, and China, suggesting geographic and temporal relationships among these strains. This evidence emphasize the need of further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate FAdVs diffusion and characterizationto design effective control strategies.