مولانا غلام محمدشملوی
یہ خبر نہایت رنج و افسوس کے ساتھ درج کی جاتی ہے کہ ندوۃ العلماء کے مشہور سفیر و وکیل مولانا غلام محمد صاحب شملوی نے ۲۹؍ مارچ ۱۹۳۴ء کو وفات پائی، ندوۃ العلماء کے مقاصد کی اشاعت اور اس کے لیے مالی امدادوں اور چندوں کے حصول میں ان کی کوششیں بہت کامیاب تھیں، وہ جوانی میں تارک الدنیا فقیر ہوگئے تھے، اور جنگلوں میں رہتے تھے، ندوۃ العلماء کے ابتدائی اجلاسوں کے روحانی اثرات نے ان کو دوبارہ دنیا میں داخل کیا اور ندوۃ العلماء کی خدمت کا ایسا ولولہ ان میں پیدا کیا کہ مرتے دم تک سرد نہیں ہوا، وہ بڑے پرجوش مقرر، روشن خیال عالم اور صاحب عزم محنتی تھے، ندوہ کی خدمت میں انہوں نے ہندوستان کی گلی گلی کی خاک چھانی، اور ہر چھوٹے بڑے سے ملے، مدت سے ان کی صحت خراب تھی، وفات کے وقت ان کی عمر ستر کے قریب ہوگئی، تاہم ان میں ایسی ہمت تھی جو جوانوں کو شرماتی تھی، خدا مغفرت فرمائے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۳۴ء)
This exploratory study delves into the remarkable efforts of Hazrat Abd al-Muttalib, the revered grandfather of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, in rejuvenating the Millat-e-Ibrahimi, the Abrahamic faith, in pre-Islamic Arabia. This study investigates the pivotal role played by Hazrat Abd al-Muttalib in preserving and strengthening the monotheistic beliefs of his forefathers, Abraham and Ishmael, against the backdrop of a polytheistic society. Drawing from historical accounts, oral traditions, and early Islamic sources, the research uncovers the strategies and initiatives employed by Hazrat Abd al-Muttalib to foster unity among the disparate Arabian tribes and uphold the principles of monotheism.
This study sheds light on a crucial yet often understudied period in Islamic history, exploring the legacy of Hazrat Abd al-Muttalib as a precursor to the prophethood of his grandson, the Holy Prophet Muhammad. By examining his actions and their impact, it provides valuable insights into the early foundations of the Islamic faith and the broader context of religious development in the Arabian Peninsula.
Keywords: Hazrat Abd al-Muṭṭalib, Millat-e-Ibrāhimī, Abrahamic faith, Pre-Islamic Arabia, Monotheism, Revival efforts, Arabian tribes۔
The current study was conducted from 2010 to 2014 in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan to determine the Susceptibility of Pseudomonas spp. to different chemotherapeutic agents and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase. The samples were taken from three main tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. During the study period, 3450 specimens including pus, urine, blood and burns etc. were collected and subjected to culture and sensitivity as per standard protocols. Samples were isolated and identified on the basis of standard biochemical techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by modified Kirby-Bauer method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations were followed per the guidelines set by CLSI. The ratio of male to female under the study was 1:1.4. The most productive antimicrobial agent was class carbapenem (imipenem and meronem) against Pseudomonas spp. among the β-lactam agents whose susceptibility was 282 (84.43%) and 304 (91.02%) respectively. The resistance rate was highest for Tetracycline followed by Penicillin and the isolates were co-resistant to macrolides and flouroquinolones and a moderate activity was demonstrated to the Cephalosporins. A total of 232 isolates were recovered from hospitalized and 102 from OPD patients. Statistically significant values were obtained for 17 out of 20 antibiotics, as there is a remarkable variation in susceptibility pattern of OPD and Hospitalized isolates. In class carbapenems: imipenem and meronem showed 81.47%; 91.18% and 88.79%; 96.08% activity rate for indoor and outdoor strains respectively. Only tetracycline had a diminished rate for both in and out door (5.17% and 21.57%) isolates respectively. In-patient isolates showed higher rates of resistance to most tested antibiotics, compared with outpatient isolates. Overall, there was a moderate decrease in susceptibility rate of Pseudomonas spp. to the antibiotic analyzed over the last five years of the study. The MIC50 & 90 (μg/ml) of imipenem against Pseudomonas spp. was <1 and < 4, respectively. While results obtained by agar dilution method demonstrated the lowest MICs values with meropenem for Pseudomonas spp. MICs observed for carbapenems as compared to the other antimicrobials tested were higher. xix Initial screening and phenotypic confirmatory test for ESBL detection was carried out according to the CLSI protocols. Production of ESBLs was observed in 148 (44.32%) of the isolates and the remaining 186 (55.80%) were non-ESBL producers. Statistically, a significant difference was found in susceptibility of the Pseudomonas spp. to carpenems, quinolones and β-lactam/β-lacatamase inhibitors, among the ESBL producers. The resistance conferred by ESBL’s producing pseudomonas spp. to cephalosporin’s (CEC, CAZ, CRO and CFP) was 14.2%, 20.3%, 14.3% and 22.3% respectively, contrary to the non–ESBL’s, where they were comparably sensitive to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. Treatment with third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) is the only risk factor being associated with ESBL infections. β-lactamases of these strains analyzed genotypically by PCR with a series of primers specific for tem, shv and ctx-M genes. 100 samples were selected for PCR to detect tem, shv and ctx-M genes among the ESBL positive Pseudomonas spp. strains. A high proportion of isolates were confirmed for ctx-M gene which encodes a total of 48 strains followed by tem 38 and then 14 of them were shv genes.