پروفیسر حافظ محمود خان شیرانی مرحوم
ہم کو ابھی تک اپنے ملک کے علماء اور محققین کی پوری قدر نہیں ہوئی، کیسے افسوس کی بات ہے کہ ہماری قوم اور ملک کے ایک نامور محقق پروفیسر حافظ محمود خان شیرانی کا انتقال ۱۶؍ فروری ۱۹۴۶ء کو ٹونک میں ہوگیا، اور ہم میں سے بہتوں کو اس کی خبر نہیں ہوئی۔
شیرانی مرحوم کا وطن ٹونک تھا، شیرانی پٹھان تھے، اور ان کو اپنے پٹھان ہونے پر فخر تھا، ٹونک ہمیشہ سے علماء اور محققین کا مقام رہا، وہاں کا نادر کتب خانہ اکثر محققوں کو اپنی طرف کھینچ کر لے جایا کرتا ہے، اور شیرانی کا تو وہ وطن ہی تھا، شیرانی صاحب کی انگریزی کی استعداد پوری تھی، فارسی کی تعلیم متوسط اور عربی کی معمولی مگر ان میں تحقیق و تلاش کا مادہ فطرۃً تھا، تاریخ اور خصوصاً تاریخ ادب سے ان کو بے حد شغف تھا، تاریخ کے ذوق سے ان کو کتبوں اور سکون کا شوق تھا، اسی شوق سے وہ لکھنؤ بھی آتے تھے، اور چونکہ ہمارے مدرسہ دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے درس اول و شیخ الحدیث مولانا حیدر حسن خان صاحب مرحوم بھی ٹونکی تھے، اس تعلق سے وہ کبھی کبھی ہمارے مدرسہ میں بھی ٹھہرتے تھے اور اسی واسطہ سے میری ان کی ملاقات ہوئی، اور اس کے بعد جب وہ لاہور تھے، تو کئی بار ملنا ہوا۔
مرحوم کا سال پیدایش ۱۲۹۸ھ ہے، عمر قریباً سرسٹھ برس تھی ۱۹۰۴ء میں اسکول کی تعلیم چھوڑ کر بیرسٹری کے لیے لندن گئے، جہاں سے والد کی وفات پر ۱۹۰۶ء میں واپس آئے، پھر فوراً واپس گئے، اور ۱۹۱۴ء میں واپس آئے، بیرسٹرتو نہیں ہوئے، مگر قلمی کتابوں کا شوق پید اہوگیا، پیرس کے قومی کتب خانہ میں تین ماہ مصروف رہے، اور وہیں بعض فرانسیسی اہل علم کے ساتھ مل کر...
With the rise of Computer Science and the Internet, in particular, the Muslim world has shifted its dynamics on an industrial scale. Whether its alternative interpretations of Islam or questions about it, the Internet has been as all new medium to reach the masses. On the other hand, social intelligence has always been considered vital for understanding and managing soft-biometric traits of a person we are communicating. So what actually is social intelligence? Although it has always been a mystery to understand how humans interact with each other and explore the world in a global era. Learning ability, perceiving ability and adaptation to a new environment are usually linked with intelligence. The ongoing research in cognitive science has increased our understanding of intelligence. According to research, it has been clarified that it is not one or two factors that are responsible for intelligence but rather there is a range of abilities to determine social intelligence.
Cognitive Radio has gained worldwide attention from research communities and is expected to be a revolutionary technology for the next generation (4G) wireless systems. In this dissertation, Amplify-and-Forward (AF) based relay-assisted cognitive radio networks (RCRNs) are studied in an underlay spectrum sharing environment. The primary issue faced by underlay networks is the limited transmit power ability of the secondary users (SUs) due to the interference constraints towards the primary users (PUs), which reduces secondary throughput and allows only short- range communication. Thus, performance enhancement of secondary communication in the frequency bands allocated to the PUs is a major design challenge faced by the underlay RCRNs. It requires relay selection along with the fine tuning and adjustment of the transmit power of the secondary relays. In this thesis, we proposed advanced multiple relay selection schemes for secondary network in the Rayleigh flat-fading scenario considering the availability of perfect instantaneous channel state information (CSI). The effects of variations in the instantaneous CSI, transmit power of source and relays, interference threshold of the primary network, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold of the secondary network and size of potential relay network on multiple relay selection in underlay RCRNs are the main issues that are analyzed in depth in this research. Furthermore, the performance analysis of multiple relay selection has been carried out and closed form expressions for the outage probability and average probability of error have been derived through the cumulative distributive function (CDF) of the received SNR at secondary destination, which is a new contribution to the AF-based underlay RCRNs. The optimization tool used in this study is Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) global optimizer. Another novel idea proposed in this dissertation is Fuzzy Rule Based System (FRBS) for multiple relay selection and transmit power allocation (RSTPA), which is a new contribution to the underlay RCRNs. The proposed FRBS assisted RSTPA schemes aim to perform intelligent multiple relay selection for performance enhancement of secondary communication in power constrained RCRNs. It is proved through simulations that FRBS is an optimal choice to solve the non-linear optimization problems of SNR maximization and transmit power minimization. Another contribution of this research is in the field of spectrum sensing in CRNs. Spectrum sensing faces a lot of challenges in terms of reliability and accuracy of information for detection and estimation of primary transmissions in CRNs. The advantages and limitations of different cooperative and non-cooperative spectrum sensing schemes have been studied in detail, and a novel spectrum sensing scheme based on uniform linear array (ULA) of sensors is proposed, which not only detects the number of sources, but also estimates their parameters such as frequency, Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) and power strength. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed scheme is proved under low SNR conditions. Genetic Algorithm (GA) hybridized with Pattern Search (PS) is used to optimize the results. All the proposed algorithms have been investigated through simulations under different design requirements, constraints and a well-defined range of different parameters to validate their significance and effectiveness.