احسان اﷲ ثاقب(۱۹۴۲ء۔۲۰۱۴ء) پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف رومانوی شاعری فاخر ہریانوی کے بیٹے ہیں- اعلی تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد محکمہ تعلیم میں ملازمت اختیار کی۔ (۹۸۲)آپ کا ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’شہرِ غزل‘‘ کے نام سے معراج پر نٹرز لاہورسے ۲۰۰۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اس کے علاوہ کچھ شعری مسودات ہیں جو شائع نہیں ہو سکے۔ احسان اﷲ ثاقب غزل گو شاعر ہیں۔ ان کا اردو ادب میں بڑا کارنامہ یہ ہے کہ انھوں نے اپنے شعری مجموعے ’’شہرِ غزل‘‘ میں بیس بحور کے چھیاسی اوزان میں بڑی خوبصورتی سے طبع آزمائی کی ہے۔ آج ارد وشاعری میں کوئی قدآور شاعر بھی اتنی تعداد میں بحور اور اوزان میں شعر نہیں کہہ سکا ہے۔ انھوں نے ایک نئی بحر کا بھی اضافہ کیا ہے۔ جسے انھوں نے ’’بحرِ مترنم‘‘ کانام دیا ہے۔ یہ بحر تمام عروضی تقاضوں کو پورا کرتی ہے۔
حوصلہ مندی ،بلند فکری ،اخلاقیات، پیارو محبت،سماجی شعور اور توحید احسان اﷲ ـثاقب کی شاعری کے اہم موضوعات ہیں۔ اس حوالے سے نمونہ کلام ملاحظہ ہو:
جسم کے روح سے رابطے ہیں بہت
;اس تعلق میں بھی فاصلے ہیں بہت
5عمر درکار ہے اس سفر کے لیے
7ہجر سے وصل تک مرحلے ہیں بہت
(۹۸۳)
9ہمیں چلنا ہے ترچھے زاویوں پر
;مگر رہنا ہے پھر بھی راستوں پر
(۹۸۴)
Last revelation namely al- Quran has addressed the human beings in an eloquent way using all types of expressions and diction. The divine method of articulation for holy commandments is miraculous and opts all appealing techniques of communications that also includes use of homographs and metaphors. The word that are spelled the same but have different meaning are called Homographs. The reciter andreader of the Quran faces some difficulty in deciding the meaning of a Homographs used in the Quran that leads to difference of opinions. In the books of Quranic Sciences this term is called Mushtarak al –Lafzi. The article has been aimed to elaborate what is Mushtarak al –Lafzi and what are the impact of vagueness originated from these words of the Quran on Quranic exegesis. Some examples have been produced fromthe books of Quranic Studies regarding its influence on exegetical literature.
The present work has been planned through rational designing to develop targeted drug delivery system for alfuzosin HCl. Alfuzosin is basically selective antagonist of alpha 1- adrenoreceptors, indicated for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. Its dose is 2.5 mg thrice daily and the treatment plan includes steady-state concentration of the drug throughout course of therapy. Due to readily absorbance and development of postural hypotension, it is not being indicated for treatment of hypertension. Through this research project, development of targeted systems like hydrogels and floating drug delivery system has been made in order to control the release of drug molecule. Regarding hydrogels; two different types of pH dependant three dimensional polymeric networks have been developed through free radical polymerization. In first phase; nine different formulations of pectin (Pec) have been evaluated in combination with acrylic acid and crosslinked through glutaraldehyde. In second phase; various grades of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) (Mw 400, 4000, 8000, 10000, 12000 & 20000) have been crosslinked with acrylic acid through N,N,,-Mehtylene-bis-acrylamide (MBAAm). After development of discs, these model systems were envisaged for various important elucidations like swelling studies, In-Vitro drug release analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In order to predict releasing site and pattern; both dynamic and equilibrium swelling studies were conducted and implementation of various kinetic models has helped to elucidate kinetics of released molecule more efficiently. For both of the systems, frequency variations indicated by FTIR spectrum revealed interaction between the used polymers and monomers. Thermal stability has been reported by thermo gravimetric analysis while after copolymerization; increased enthalpy characters have been reported. In pectin based formulations, release of the drug followed zero order rates while in case of PEG based formulations; variations were reported in both rate and mechanism of drug release along with variations of molecular weights used. In both type of formulations, the drug release data is closely related to the swelling study’s findings and there is development of common character i.e. release of maximum amount of drug at pH 7.5. In floating drug delivery system, direct compression methodology has been adopted. The study has been aimed at developing floating system with non effervescent mechanism by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) PH 102, carbopol® and three grades of poly (ethylene glycol) (MW 10,000, 12,000 and 20,000). Various pre-compressional (angle of repose, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio) and post compressional parameters (In-vitro buoyancy test, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability and In-vitro dissolution test) have been conducted to evaluate the suitability of developed dosage form for floating drug delivery system. The study is more focused towards evaluation of three grades of PEG (MW 10000, 12000, 20000) as all other parameters have been used as a constant quantity. Good matrix integrity has been found as all the formulations have presented total flotation time for more than 24 hours without disintegration. The formulation which doesn’t contain PEG has demonstrated first order along with fickian transport mechanism while all other formulations showed variation in their kinetic profile as the quantity and type of PEG varied. On the bases of revealed data of hydrogel and floating drug delivery system characterizations, it can be concluded that these systems are capable of delivering the drug molecule to the desired site in a predetermined mode of release.