محتشم عبدالغنی مرحوم
جناب محتشم عبدالغنی مرحوم کا تعلق سرزمین بھٹکل سے ہے، ہندوستان کے مغربی ساحل پر بحر عرب کی موجوں کی بے تابی، نمی، خنکی، گہرائی اور گیرائی کے ہمہ وقت نظارے میں محو، بھٹکل کی یہ ساحلی زمین، مردم خیز رہی ہے، جناب محتشم عبدالغنی بھی اپنی دینی، تعلیمی اور سماجی خدمات کی وجہ سے بھٹکل کے قابل فخر فرزند تھے، نام و نمود سے دور رہنے اور خموشی کو ترجیح دینے اور تجارت میں مصروف رہنے کے باوجود ان کی ملت کے لیے دل سوزی اور مقاصد کے مطلوب سرمستی ورعنائی نے ان کو بڑی مقبولیت عطا کی تھی، دارالعلوم ندوۃالعلما کی مجلس انتظامیہ اور آل انڈیا مسلم پرسنل لا بورڈ کے وہ رکن اساسی تھے، مسلم یونی ورسٹی علی گڑھ کی کورٹ کے معزز ممبر بھی تھے، قوم و ملت کے اداروں کے لیے فکر مند اور عملاً ان کی بہود و ترقی کے لیے کوشاں رہے لیکن ان کی جدوجہد، ایثار و قربانی کا سب سے حسین مرقع بھٹکل بلکہ گواسے کیرلا تک پورا مغربی ساحل ہے، دینی، اخلاقی، تعلیمی، تجارتی اور سیاسی لحاظ سے یہ پورا خطہ دوسروں کے لیے قابل تقلید ہے، وہاں کے مسلمانوں کی اس بیداری میں بے شبہ محتشم عبدالغنی مرحوم کی خدمات سب سے نمایاں ہیں، بھٹکل میں ان کو قائد قوم کہا جاتا تھا، حق یہ ہے کہ ان کی قیادت کی ضرورت پوری ملت اسلامیہ ہندیہ کو تھی۔
راقم الحروف کو ان کی خدمت میں حاضر ہونے کا موقع ملا، جسمانی لحاظ سے وہ قد آور اور وجیہ و شکیل تھے، دل بھی اتنا ہی پاک اور شفاف تھا، گفتگو کی دل کشی ان کے لہجے کی معصومیت سے اور سوا ہوجاتی تھی، وہ مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی کے بڑے عقیدت مند تھے اور اسی عقیدت کی وجہ سے دارالعلوم ندوۃالعلما سے...
It goes without saying that peace has been a hot issue in the past; it is, still, a vital topic of discussion today, and it seems to continue to draw the attention of people in the future. We witness wars and destructions in several parts of the world. This has led to killings of millions of people, left innumerable number of families broken and displaced millions of people. We need to address it earnestly. The author of this dissertation has specified this topic with reference to the Holy Qur’ān, because being the book of Allāh Almighty, it means to us as the final constitution, the ultimate torchlight for our guidance, and a great blessing to the whole world. Peace means to be free from the calamities in this world and in the hereafter. Usually, peace is used to imply an opposition to war and violence between the nations. Peace is a virtue and it means absence of evil, and, therefore, it is always praiseworthy. The author of this paper deals with this topic by dividing it into six sections. These are, ‘The Peace’ as one of the divine names of Allāh Almighty; Peace equals good; Peace is praiseworthy; Peace in the sense of conciliation and security; Peace in the sense of customary Islamic salutation; and Refutation of the objection that Islām was spread by sword.
The present study was undertaken to document vertebrate fauna (richness and abundance of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) at Chotiari Reservoir, to determine their status and to assess the impacts of anthropogenic factors, if any, on the reservoir and its vertebrate biodiversity. Chotiari Reservoir complex includes wetlands, which altogether, have been identified by Bird Life International as an Important Bird Area. Further, the complex fulfills certain criteria of Wetland of International Importance-Ramsar Site. A total of 203 vertebrate species belonging to 29 orders and 78 families were recorded from Chotiari Reservoir during 2006- 2010. These included 32 species mammals (14 medium and large sized mammals and 18 small mammals); 136 bird species (53 water birds, 48 passerine birds, 13 birds of prey and 22 miscellaneous birds); 32 species of reptiles (a single species of crocodile, 3 species of turtles, 15 species of snakes and 13 species of lizards) and 3 species of amphibians (1 toad and 2 frog species). As many as 136 bird species belonging to 19 orders and 48 families were recorded. Out of 136 birds, summer fauna and winter fauna constituted 69.11 % and 34.55 % respectively. It was found that alteration in the ecological conditions of the area after the construction of the Chotiari Reservoir had changed the avifauna species composition of the area. A total of 32 reptile species belonging to three orders and 14 families were recorded. These included three species of turtles (9.37%), 15 species of snakes (46.87%), 13 species of lizards (40.62 %) and one crocodilian species of (3.12 %). vMeans of total number of individuals recorded during 2006-2009 at 0.05 level were not significantly different indicating no change in the abundance of selected wildlife species during study period. It was, inferred, therefore that the wildlife diversity must have not been affected. However, distribution of threatned species of the area, such as Smooth-coated otter and Marsh Crocodile, might have been impacted. Based on present study data, the reservoir water was unpolluted, and reservoir is not connected with any source of industrial or municipal effluent. The concentration of heavy metals recorded during the study period as well as selected physico-chemical parameters were within safe limits and were below water quality standards of WHO (World Health Organization). Further, no evidence of the reservoir’s water contamination by industrial and agriculture runoff was recorded, for the reservoir did not have any industry in its surroundings nor could the water from the surrounding croplands enter in to the reservoir mainly because of two reasons. First, the land within the reservoir is not used for agriculture, and secondly drainage from the croplands is not carried in to the reservoir. However, changes in land use practices, habitat modification, hunting, unregulated fishing, overexploitation, community-wildlife conflict and trapping of wildlife species were identified as major issues affecting wildlife species composition and abundance.