تحریف قرآن پر عقلی و نقلی دلائل کا تنقیدی جائزہ

The ECE teaching in pre-primary schools is enhanced by the Government in primary schools the student must be 3-8 years’ classes of Pakistan. This subject is a source of learning to know the things as well as to familiar with the school environments and connected to schools same time will be a responsible citizen, so the mosques are playing very important role in teaching of little kids from beginning of Islam to till date. It is more successfully working in our mosques and provide basic education for learner, so in this study found out the effectiveness of mosques for ECE pre-primary education SBA, Sindh  Pakistan for this study sample was selected from the school teachers which were consist on 100 hundred  and five like rate scale questioners were distributed among them to know the effectiveness of mosques for ECE education according the finding most the respondent were agreed that the mosques will be the suitable place for little kids learning place because mostly every  colony, muhalla, village, street had a mosque and almost one or two rooms are also connected to mosques only few mosques where this facility is not avail able otherwise mostly these mosques  is also  a big class room if it is used carefully so this all was effective conclusion for the effectiveness of ECE     as well as for the learners learning point of view. So it is also recommended for Government as well as policy makers to revisit polices of teaching ECE classes and their effectiveness in regards to mosques where all facilities have been already present must be included in streamline of Pakistan

Utility of Free to Total Psa Ratio in the Prediction of Prostate Cancer in Patients With Intermediate Total Psa Levels and Negative Digital Rectal Examination

Background: Prostate carcinoma is among the top 5 cancers occurring in Kenyan men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is currently the most important biochemical marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and its widespread use as a serum tumor marker has revolutionized the management of patients with prostate cancer. The identification of early prostate cancer is vital in the management of especially men who have mild or vague prostatic symptoms. The most basic and important proxy for determining the need for a biopsy in both symptomatic and asymptomatic(screened) patients is the serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA).If a patients PSA level is above 11 ng/ml then there is a high probability of prostate cancer and a biopsy would be recommended. By contrast, of those patients whose PSA level is between 4 and 11 ng/ml (intermediate range) only25-30% are diagnosed with prostate cancer. As such in these instances the specificity of PSA is reduced, resulting in taking many unnecessary biopsies. Consequently several different methods to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of PSA have been proposed. one of these is the determination of Free PSA levels and use of this as a percentage or ratio of Total PSA. Objective: To determine utility of Free to Total PSA ratio in enhancing differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostate disease in male patients with intermediate Total PSA levels (4-11ng/ml) and negative digital rectal examination (DRE) in three hospitals in Nairobi,Kenya. Design: Cross sectional study Setting:Aga KhanUniversityHospital,NazarethHospital and St.Marys hospital Subjects: 180 male patients aged 40 years and above attending urology/surgical clinics at three hospitals, found to have age adjusted total PSA values between 4-11ng/ml with negative digital rectal examination (non suspicious for cancer) and in whom either an ultrasound guided biopsy, transurethral resection of the prostate or prostatectomy was performed and histopathology examination carried out. Results: On histology, 138(77%) of the 180 patients were diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia, 18(10%) with High grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGPIN )and 24(13%) with carcinoma. Analysis of variance (one way) was performed to compare the mean of age, Total PSA, Free PSA and Free to Total PSA ratio in patients with BPH, HGPIN and Carcinoma. No significant statistical difference in mean age and Total PSA (6.614, 6.781, and 7.6) was found between patients with BPH, HGPIN and Carcinoma respectively. Mean Free PSA was significantly higher in patients with BPH (1.637) than those with HGPIN (1.012) and prostate carcinoma (0.743). No significant statistical difference