شوق کی منزل
ڈاکٹر فہدؔ ملک
یوں تومیرا تعلق پیشے کے لحاظ سے طب یعنی ڈاکٹر ی سے ہے مگر میں نے کبھی ڈاکٹر ہونے یا طب کی دنیا میں بڑا نام کمانے کو اپنی منزل اور کامیابی نہیں سمجھا۔ مجھ پر میری کامیابی یا شوق کی منزل کا راز تب اِفشا ہوا جب زندگی نے مجھے اپنا دوسرا تعارف کروایا۔ وہ تعارفد جو کتابوں مین نہیں پڑھا یا جاتا بلکہ استاد، درد، اداسی کے دبستان میں آپ کو کرواتے اور پڑھاتے ہیں۔
دیگر دنیاوی دبستانوں کی طرح یہاں کے کچھ طالب علم بھی بھگوڑے ثابت ہوتے ہیں ،بلکہ اکثریت ہی اتنے سخت استاد کو دیکھ کر بھاگ کھڑی ہوتی ہے مگر کچھ لوگ ہم جیسے بھی ہیں جو یہاں پکّے ہو جاتے ہیں، جنھیں استاد کی سختی کے پیچھے چھپا معنی مل جاتا ہے۔ یوں اُن کی منزل اور شوق دیگر دنیا والوں سے مختلف ہو جاتے ہیں۔
زندگی ایسے دبستانوں میں آپ کو اوندھے منہ گرا جاتی ہے مگر بعد میں یہاں رہنا آپ کا شوق بن جاتا ہے جو دیگر تمام شوق کی مزلوں کا رخ یکسر بدل دیتا ہے۔ چوں کہ میں اس دبستان کا مستقل طالب علم ہو گیا تو خوش قسمتی سے میرے شوق پھر وہ نہیں رہے جو دنیا نے مجھے گھڑ کے دیے تھے،یعنی بڑا طبیب بن جانا میری کامیابی ہے یا طب کی دنیا میں راج کرنا میری کامیابی ہے۔
اس سب کو دیکھ لینے کے بعد جو کامیابی کے معانی سامنے آئے وہ ان سب سے یکسر مختلف تھے۔ پھر جو شوق کی منزل نظر آنے لگی وہ ان تمام سے پرے تھی اور شوق کیا بنا، شاعری بنی، فلسفہ بنا، زندگی کے معانی کی تلاش بنی، حسنِ کردار بنا اور کامیابی کیا بنی یہی کہ اپنی حیات میں ایک بڑا شاعر ایک فلسفی اور زندگی کے...
Islam is the only religion which is complete code of life. The needs of human beings have been felt and addressed properly. In spite of created by only one creator humans are different in their potentials, behavior and attitude. Owing to this difference, the incomes of people are drastically different from each other. As a result, a few people are rich and well off whereas some are poor- being up to sustenance level. Therefore, people cooperate with each other to eliminate the class differences of social strata. In this perspective, Islam has given an invulnerable perfect socio-economic system. For mutual cooperation, Islam has also addressed the issue and suggested different steps such as madharabah, partnership and tenancy. Bedsides Islam has also focused on secondary resources of mutual cooperation and support that are typically related to the personal concern. It includes: sacrifice, gift, free lending and Qarz-e- Hasanah etc. It also reflects that the man gives precedence to congregational matters over his individuality which is an ample example of mutual cooperation. In fact, mutual cooperation is one of those key factors on which the edifice of prosperous society is built. All religions and ideologies have focused and emphasized on the mutual cooperation; however, Islam lays extra emphasis to build a strong and thriving human state.
Breast cancer is the mostly affecting women and is the most common cause of women death globally. In Asia, Pakistan is considered as having very high breast cancer incidence rate which is increasing every year by 19.33%. Numerous studies proposed oncogenic viruses can cause breast cancer, but the proposal is still debatable. Research from past decade has linked viral infection to breast cancer development. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of endogenouse MMTV sequences and investigate potential pathogenesis of exogenous MMTV virus with host restriction factor (BST-2) in breast cancer development and progression. To identify MMTV prevalence, qualitative PCR technique was used, and DNA samples of breast cancer tissues were screened for MMTV prevalence using specific detection primers. Our results conclude that of 29.3% of breast cancer samples (n=250) were positive for the presence of MMTV sequences with no detection of MMTV in healthy control samples. Also, the statistical analysis showed no association of MMTV prevalence with the breast cancer disease outcomes except for age and grade of breast cancer patients. The restriction factor BST-2/tetherin plays a critical role in preventing the release of MMTV progeny virions from infected cells and in promoting viral clearance through activation of signal transduction pathways. Although BST-2-mediated effect limits cell-free virus infection and spread, what happens to the infected cells ladened with unreleased virions is yet to be determined in breast cancer.To further investigate that BST-2-tethered MMTV virus particles may change molecular signature of infected cells that results in cell-to cell viral spread. Using acute retrovirus infection model and various cell lines (NMuMG, 4T1, HMLE and MDA-231), it showed that titer of extracellular MMTV virus significantly increases while intracellular viral load decreases in BST-2 suppressed cells. Despite equivalent starting cell numbers, BST-2-expressing MMTV infected cells exhibit increased proteolytic and non-proteolytic cell motility. The motile MMTV infected cells contain high levels of viral nucleic acids, BST-2, and metalloproteases. Interestingly, increased cell motility of BST-2-expressing cells correlates with increased infection of target cells in a trans-infection model of virus transmission as well as high activity of metalloproteases. Our findings suggest that in MMTV infection, depends on BST-2 expression to alter the anti-MMTV effect of BST 2 through NF-κB activation that leads to increased MMP-9 secretion. It is concluded that MMTV infected BST-2 expressing cancer cells promote metastasis by enhancing the ability of virus-ladened cells to migrate, carve through extracellular membranes, and infect a population of target cells at distal sites by colony formation and resistance to anoikis. The direct impact of this study will be on women suffering from breast cancer. Spreading awareness via public health sectors regarding Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus screening and link to breast cancer, will aid in the preventive measures against breast cancer.