مولانا محمد جعفر شاہ پھلواروی
مولانا محمد جعفر شاہ، پھلواروی شریف(بہار)کے ایک نامی گرامی خانوادۂ علم و تصوف کے چشم وچراغ تھے، ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ میں تعلیم پائی تھی، فراغت کے بعد ادھر اُدھر رہے۔ آخرپاکستان گورنمنٹ کی سرپرستی میں لاہور میں ادارۂ ثقافت اسلامیہ قائم ہوا تومولانا اس سے ایسے وابستہ ہوئے کہ عمر وہیں گزار دی۔ اس دور میں انھوں نے’’المعارف‘‘میں مقالات لکھے اور متعدد اہم اورفکرانگیز کتابیں بھی تصنیف کیں۔ ان کی کتاب’’اسلام اورموسیقی‘‘اورمسائل اجتہادیہ پربعض حلقوں میں کافی شورش ہوئی لیکن مرحوم کے موقف میں کوئی تبدیلی پیدا نہیں ہوئی۔ان کی علمی استعداد پختہ تھی، مطالعہ وسیع تھا، طبیعت غوروفکر کی عادی تھی اور ان کا جوہر ذہانت وطباعی خداداد اورفطری تھا۔۱۹۶۹ء اور۱۹۷۶ء میں ان سے لاہور میں متعدد ملاقاتیں ہوئیں، جب کبھی ملے توبڑے تپاک اورمحبت سے ملے، ایک مرتبہ گھر پر مدعو بھی کیا۔ میں نے ہمیشہ یہ محسوس کیا کہ مرحوم اپنی تحریروں کے آئینہ میں جس قدر آزاد خیال نظرآتے ہیں، عقیدہ و عمل اوراخلاق وشمائل کے اعتبار سے اسی درجہ کے پکے اورسچے مسلمان اور عالم باعمل تھے۔ ادارۂ ثقافت اسلامیہ لاہور سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد وہ لاہور سے کراچی میں سکونت پذیر اورگوشہ نشین ہوگئے تھے۔اللھم اغفرلھماوارحمھما [جولائی۱۹۸۲ء]
Changes in the world require a company to make innovations that are necessary in order to survive the onslaught of other companies' innovations, especially similar companies. A new economic concept that focuses on information and creativity that relies on creative ideas and knowledge from human resources for the main production factors. Creative economynowadays it is increasingly being carried out by the people, especially the younger generation in country because they feel this is a profession that is suitable to be done. Information technology is also needed in the distribution, promotion and sales transaction processes so that the process runs more effectively and efficiently. The potential for the development of this industry is due to several factors, namely the development of information technology as the main factor develops rapidly, access to information centers via the internet is much easier, the social innovation process runs smoothly, each region has a unique local cultural potential and the openness of society to modern culture, there are sources of knowledge such as many campuses that are a source of quality human resources, have high creativity and innovation.
Wheat yield in Pakistan is low due to poor germination; poor stand establishment and lack of optimum quantity of water availability at critical growth stages. The objectives of this study were to study and evaluate various osmopriming sources effects under optimum and limited soil moisture at critical growth stages of wheat for improved stand establishment and yield components. The experiment was conducted during 2008-09 and repeated in 2009-10 at new developmental farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement replicated three times. Moisture stress levels (M) were allotted to main plots and osmopriming sources (OPS) to subplots. Before field experiment a laboratory experiment was conducted for the selection of optimum concentration of osmopriming sources per liter of water. The selected concentrations per liter of water of ten osmopriming sources from the laboratory were PEG (100 g), KCl (37.25 g), KNO 3 (101 g), NaCl (58.5 g), NH 4 Cl (53.5 g), CaCl 2 (55.5 g), mannitol (20 g), Na 2 SO 4 (71 g), hydropriming and control. In field experiments these were studied at three moisture stresses of 60, 70, and 80% MAD (management allowed depletion). Moisture stress and osmopriming sources significantly affected phenological development, agronomic characteristics and physiological parameters of the wheat. Lowest days to maturity (157) were noted for 80% MAD. While 70% MAD produced maximum spikes m -2 (294), grain yield (3348 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10487 kg ha -1 ), absolute growth rate from heading-maturity (1.18 g day - 1 ), crop growth rate from heading-maturity (7.86 g m -2 day -1 ), and specific leaf area (300.66 cm 2 g -1 ). Largest leaf area (82.32 cm 2 ) and relative growth rate from tillering- heading were observed for 60% MAD. For osmopriming sources minimum days to emergence (8) were noted for PEG. While KNO 3 osmoprimed seeds took lowest days to heading (113) and days to maturity (155). higher emergence m -2 (82), spikes m -2 (313), spikelets spike -1 (17), 1000 grains weight (39.97 g), grain yield (3481 kg ha -1 ), biological ivyield (10877 kg ha -1 ), absolute growth rate from tillering-heading (1.88 g day -1 ), absolute growth rate from heading-maturity (1.33 g day -1 ), crop growth rate from tillering-heading (12.52 g m -2 day -1 ), crop growth rate from heading-maturity (8.87 g m -2 day -1 ), relative growth rate from tillering-heading, relative growth rate from heading-maturity, leaf area (84 cm 2 ), and specific leaf area (305 cm 2 g -1 ) were recorded for PEG (100 g L -1 of water). Likewise KNO 3 (101 g L -1 of water) osmoprimed seeds attained highest plant height (93 cm), grains spike -1 (51) and harvest index (32.53%). In the light of economical analysis hydropriming proved best among other osmopriming sources in lowering input cost of priming, and maximizing net benefit and income.